Additional file 2 of Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity tests of the Chinese version of the Profile Fitness Mapping neck questionnaire

Additional file 2

Additional file 1 of Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity tests of the Chinese version of the Profile Fitness Mapping neck questionnaire

Additional file 1: Table S1. CHN-ProFitMap-neck symptom-frequency index (item 25 removed). Table S2. CHN-ProFitMap-neck symptom-intensity index (item 25 removed). Table S3. CHN-ProFitMap-neck functional limitation scale

Table_1_Regulatory Mechanism of ITGBL1 in the Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer.XLSX

Integrin, beta-like 1 (ITGBL1) protein is located in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and involved in the development and metastasis of many tumors. However, the regulatory mechanism of ITGBL1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study was to analyze the expression profile of CRC and to identify the expression change of ITGBL1 gene at different stages of CRC. Survival analysis showed that ITGBL1 was related to the metastasis of CRC, and CRC patients with a high expression of ITGBL1 had earlier metastasis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated the relationship between ITGBL1 expression and molecular events of CRC. The results indicated that a high expression of ITGBL1 was linked to Wnt signaling pathway, cell polarity, and tissue development, while a low expression of ITGBL1 was related to cellular respiration, electron transfer chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. With the expression profiles from interstitial and parenchyma CRC tissues, a comparison was made to determine the difference between high/low expression of ITGBL1 and Wnt signaling pathway, respectively, and further confirmed the close relation between ITGBL1 and Wnt signaling pathway. To determine the relation, an interaction network of ITGBL1 and Wnt signaling proteins was constructed. It was found that β-catenin interacted with multiple extracellular Wnt signals and could bind to ITGBL1. As a result, the regulatory mechanism of ITGBL1 in CRC is related to extracellular Wnt signals and may affect extracellular Wnt signals via β-catenin.</p

Molecular identification of Cerithiidae (Mollusca: Gastropod) in Hainan island, China

A number of same species of Cerithiidae are morphologically unlike, whereas most of species in the same genus are morphologically similar and just exhibit subtle differences. It is difficult to identify them by morphological methods alone. DNA barcoding is a modern molecular technique that can be used to identify species accurately, and is particularly helpful when distinguishing morphologically similar species. In order to identify species of Cerithiidae using DNA barcoding technology based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes, this study calculated intraspecific and interspecific genetic distance and constructed the phylogenetic trees. A total of 80 COI and 16S rRNA barcode sequences were obtained from 10 species and 3 genera. Some unknown specimens were further identified and a cryptic species may exist in Cerithium traillii, showing that DNA barcoding technology has the potential to discover new species and cryptic species. The phylogenetic trees revealed that all of the cerithiids could converge upon a monophyly with high support values and two genera (Cerithium and Clypeomorus) maybe support the reclassification. It is necessary for traditional morphological methods to combine with the DNA barcoding for classification and identification of Cerithiidae.</p

Arterial Stiffness, Genetic Risk, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: We aimed to investigate prospective associations of pulse wave arterial stiffness index (ASI) and pulse pressure (PP) with T2D, and assessed the modification effect of genetics. Research design and methods: We included 152 611 participants free of diabetes or cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank. All participants had ASI and blood pressure measurements collected at baseline visit. Totally, 37 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to calculate the genetic risk score (GRS) of T2D. Results: During a median follow‐up of 9.5 years, 3000 participants developed T2D. Per standard deviation increase in ASI was associated with a 3% higher T2D risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-4%). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of T2D was 1.58 (1.39-1.80) in the highest quintile group compared with the lowest quintile group of ASI. However, the association between PP and T2D was nonlinear. Compared with the lowest quintile group, the risk of T2D in higher quintile groups of PP was 0.91 (0.79-1.04), 0.98 (0.86-1.11), 1.15 (1.01-1.30), and 1.24 (1.10-1.41), respectively. Furthermore, we observed an interaction between ASI and genetic susceptibility to T2D, as the elevated HR of T2D associated with high ASI was more evident among participants with higher GRS of T2D (P interaction=0.008). While the interaction between PP and GRS was non-significant (P interaction=0.55). Conclusions: ASI was associated with an elevated risk of T2D in a dose-response fashion, whereas PP and T2D showed a nonlinear J-shaped association. Additionally, the association between ASI and T2D was partially strengthened by higher genetic susceptibility to T2D

Conversion of Interfacial Chemical Bonds for Inducing Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting

Sp-C-hybridized alkyne bonds present the natural advantages of interacting with metal atoms and have the ability to generate a large number of new catalytic active sites on the surface and the interfaces, thus greatly promoting the efficient progress of various light/electrochemical reactions. In this work, we have successfully fabricated a novel type of interfacial structure containing sp-C–Mo/O bonds and mixed Mo valence states with outstanding catalytic activity and stability for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) overall water splitting in a wide pH range (0–14), due to the presence of sp-carbon-rich graphdiyne. For example, in alkaline conditions (pH = 14), the overpotentials of oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions at 10 mA cm–2 are 165 and 8 mV. When being used as an electrolyzer, the cell voltage of this catalyst is only 1.40 V to achieve 10 mA cm–2. The high PEC activity of graphdiyne@molybdenum oxide originates from the conversion of chemical bonds at the sp-C hybrid interface and the coexistence of multivalent states of molybdenum, triggering a large number of catalytic active sites, greatly promoting charge transfer and lowering water dissociation energy

Additional file 1 of Assessing the impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality and life expectancy according to the number of risk factor targets achieved: an observational study

Additional file 1: Table S1. Codes to identify prevalent diseases and cause-specific mortality. Table S2. Definition of risk factors with cutoffs. Table S3. Risk of mortality for participants with type 2 diabetes compared with those without diabetes. Table S4. Associations between individual risk factors and mortality risk among participants with type 2 diabetes. Table S5. Risk of mortality according to the number of risk factors within target range among participants with and without diabetes. Table S6. Risk of mortality per additional risk factor within target range by subgroups among participants with type 2 diabetes. Table S7. Estimated years of life gain at age 50 years by the number of risk factors within target range among participants with type 2 diabetes. Table S8. Results of sensitivity analyses with alternative definitions of risk factors or additional model adjustment. Table S9. Results of sensitivity analyses with people without diabetes who had different number of risk factors within target range as reference. Table S10. Results of sensitivity analyses according to the weighted score of risk factors within target range. Table S11. Results of sensitivity analyses for cause-specific mortality using competing risk regression. Table S12. Results of sensitivity analyses using multiple imputations to assign missing values of exposures and covariates. Table S13. Results of sensitivity analyses after excluding deaths within the first 2 years of follow-up. Table S14. Results of sensitivity analyses among participants with diagnosed diabetes. Fig. S1. Flow diagram of the study population. Fig. S2. Number of risk factors within target range among participants with and without diabetes. Fig. S3. Kaplan–Meier curves for cumulative rate of mortality according to the number of risk factors within target range among participants with and without diabetes

Taxonomy and distribution of three species of <i>Barleeia</i> (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Littorinimorpha, Barleeiidae) in the intertidal zone off the coast of China, with description of a new species, <i>Barleeia qilu</i> Han, Qi & Kong, n. sp.

Barleeiids are common marine microgastropods worldwide. Three species of Barleeia (Barleeia annamitica, Barleeia qilu n. sp. and Barleeia dunedini) found in the intertidal zone off the coast of China are described in this study. Morphological comparisons and species delimitation analyses using the universal mitochondrial COI gene sequence showed the distinctiveness of three species. Barleeia qilu n. sp., differentiated by its pointed apex and sutural channelling, was identified as a new species following morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis. Barleeia dunedini, previously considered as Ansola angustata (Pilsbry, 1901), has emerged as a distinct species and is probably the most widely distributed barleeiid in China. Barleeia annamitica, which has a broader distribution than previously recorded, is reported in China for the first time. Additionally, we propose to reassign Ansola angustata to the genus Barleeia based on the phylogram. Morphological illustrations, diagnoses, descriptions, and their approximate distribution along the coast of China are provided for each species. This study improves our understanding of the species composition, distribution and diversity of Barleeia in the intertidal zone of China.   urn: lsid: zoobank.org:pub:7EFA6806-3A9E-40EC-A639-5AF4DB8D5CC7</p

MOESM1 of Atom transfer radical polymer-modified paper for improvement in protein fixation in paper-based ELISA

Additional file 1. Additional figures

Toward a Sustainable Azeotrope Separation of Acetonitrile/Water by the Synergy of Ionic Liquid-Based Extractive Distillation, Heat Integration, and Multiobjective Optimization

The sustainable separation process for the recovery of acetonitrile from wastewater is essential to achieve the circular economy and environmental protection. In this work, we demonstrate systematically a methodology to develop an energy-efficient extractive distillation process for separating the acetonitrile and water azeotrope. First, the separation performances of candidate entrainers, i.e., ionic liquids (ILs) and ethylene glycol (EG), were determined using the residue curve maps. Second, the boundaries of decision variables for optimization procedures were obtained via the sensitivity analysis, and the nonsorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied to get the optimal operating parameters of conventional and heat-integrated schemes using EG and three ILs. Third, three indicators including the total annual cost, gas emissions, and thermodynamic efficiency were used to evaluate the economic, environmental, and energy efficiency performances of conventional and intensified schemes. Using the conventional EG process as a basis, the heat-integrated scheme using [EMIM]­[OAC] shows the best performance as it gives the reductions of 26.3% and 22.1% in the total annual cost and gas emissions, respectively, and an absolute increase of 0.44 in the second-law efficiency