Additional file 2 of Gamma heavy chain disease: a retrospective analysis of 6 cases

Supplementary Material

Additional file 1 of Gamma heavy chain disease: a retrospective analysis of 6 cases

Supplementary Material

A plot of the optimized squareness value, <i>n</i>, vs etch time.

<p>A plot of the optimized squareness value, <i>n</i>, vs etch time.</p

SEM image of a 75nm wide square pattern fabricated by SLIM processing of a dot array with 100nm pitch.

<p>SEM image of a 75nm wide square pattern fabricated by SLIM processing of a dot array with 100nm pitch.</p

The SEM images compares a) a SLIM processed pattern and b) the same sample after heat treatment for one hour at 400 °C.

<p>The SEM images compares a) a SLIM processed pattern and b) the same sample after heat treatment for one hour at 400 °C.</p

A plot showing the influence of SLIM process time and precursor thickness on the pattern width.

<p>Each curve approaches an asymptote at approximately 183nm revealing the self-limiting etch process.</p

A plot of pattern size vs etch time for different precursor openings showing little change in the pattern size distribution.

<p>A plot of pattern size vs etch time for different precursor openings showing little change in the pattern size distribution.</p

Nickel was electrodeposited into a SLIM pattern with 80nm square opening.

<p>The SEM images show a) a 52 degree projection of the nickel pillars after removing the resist and (b) a 52 degree projection of the same sample after argon plasma treatment.</p

Table_1_Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with stroke history in a reverse J-shape.DOCX

Background25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the major form of vitamin D in the body, has a non-linear association with stroke risk. However, the association is not fully understood. The specific shape of the association and the ideal value of 25(OH)D related to minimum risk of stroke remain unclear.AimWe conducted the study to establish the correlation between circulating 25(OH)D and stroke history and determine the ideal value of 25(OH)D in relation to the lowest stroke prevalence.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used for analyzes. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis with fitted smooth curves to explore the relationship between 25(OH)D and self-reported stroke history. Subsequently, 40,632 participants were enrolled in the study.ResultsA reverse J-shaped association between 25(OH)D and stroke history was determined, where the lowest stroke prevalence for the 25(OH)D level was about 60 nmol/L. After adjusting for confounding factors, prevalence of stroke showed an increasing trend below and above the middle quintile (53.2–65.4 nmol/L) of 25(OH)D. Participants with 25(OH)D levels in the lowest quintile (≤ 39.3 nmol/L) had a 38% increased prevalence of stroke (OR 1.38, 95 %CI 1.12–1.70), while those in the higher level range of 25(OH)D (65.5–80.8 nmol/L) had a 27% higher stroke prevalence (OR 1.27, 95 %CI 1.03–1.57).ConclusionUsing data from a large, cross-sectional cohort program, we found that circulating 25(OH)D was related to stroke history in a reverse J-shaped manner. Given how the causal relationship between circulating 25(OH)D and history of stroke has not been established, more high-quality evidence based on the reverse J-shaped feature is needed to elucidate the link between vitamin D and stroke risk, and the effect of vitamin D supplements on stroke prevention.</p

Diagram describing the SLIM process.

<p>The precursor is dot patterns separated by a wall of thickness a₀ and b₀. SLIM processing narrows both walls at the same rate to a thickness of a₁ and b₁. At a critical thickness the etch rate reduces significantly resulting in little change towards a₂, but b₂ continues to narrow. As b₂ approaches the critical thickness, the pattern converges to a square.</p