Regression models for the four time periods derived from the piecewise regression.

Regression models for the four time periods derived from the piecewise regression.</p

Level (mean) shift of children's BLLs after each intervention in the city of Syracuse, New York.

Level (mean) shift of children's BLLs after each intervention in the city of Syracuse, New York.</p

Coefficient estimation and test of the piecewise regression (Eq 3).

<p>Coefficient estimation and test of the piecewise regression (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0171778#pone.0171778.e011" target="_blank">Eq 3</a>).</p

Coefficient estimation and test of the segmented intervention models with ARMA(1,1)×(1,1)₁₂.

<p>Coefficient estimation and test of the segmented intervention models with ARMA(1,1)×(1,1)₁₂.</p

Coefficient estimation of the intervention model ARMA(1,1)×(1,1)₁₂ (Eq 1).

<p>Coefficient estimation of the intervention model ARMA(1,1)×(1,1)₁₂ (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0171778#pone.0171778.e001" target="_blank">Eq 1</a>).</p

Cost break down of 450 completed house units from 1999 to 2006 in the city of Syracuse, New York.

<p>Cost break down of 450 completed house units from 1999 to 2006 in the city of Syracuse, New York.</p

Trend change of children's BLLs after each intervention in the city of Syracuse, New York.

<p>Trend change of children's BLLs after each intervention in the city of Syracuse, New York.</p

Easily tunable long photonic hook generated from Janus liquids-filled hollow microcylinder

The photonic hook, a beam that can propagate along a curved path, has attracted wide attention since its inception and experimental confirmation. In this paper, we propose a new type of structure, which was made by a hollow microcylinder and a Janus-shaped liquid column of two insoluble filling liquids, for producing photonic hook of easily tunable properties and long length. The E^2 field intensity distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of the photonic hook are studied by analyzing the energy flow using the finite element method. The profile and properties of the photonic hook can be effectively tuned by rotating the hollow microcylinder or changing the light incident angle. A long photonic hook with a decay length of ~18{\lambda} and a photonic hook with a large focal distance ~8{\lambda} are obtained by this model

Temperature Tolerance Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing for Joint Assessment of Cell Viability and Vitality

Evaluation of the cell health status is critical for drug screening and cell physiological activity investigations. The existing cell health assessment methods are solely devoted to the study of cell vitality or viability, leading to an incomplete evaluation. Herein, we report a convenient and robust method for the joint assessment of cell viability and vitality based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) supplied with an environmental temperature control. The static value of electric cell-substrate impedance reflects the survival rate of cells, while the temperature tolerance of cells demonstrates the cell vitality. It was found that the cell vitality evaluated by the temperature tolerance of cells was independent of the initial cell numbers, rendering the proposed method easy to utilize in various applications. We compared the temperature tolerance ECIS method with the traditional trypan blue staining method, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the direct impedance sensing method for joint evaluation of cell viability and vitality in drug screening. The temperature tolerance ECIS method showed comparable results but with a simpler protocol, faster results, and less dependence on the sample conditions. By providing both information on cell viability and cell vitality, the proposed temperature tolerance ECIS method would pave the way in building a simple and robust sensing system for cell health evaluation

Photonic hook generated by twin-ellipse microcylinder

Recently, two special photonic jets, photonic hooks and twin photonic jets, have been proposed to deal with complex conditions in nanoscale manipulation. Photonic hooks are generated by a single light plane wave and an asymmetric microparticle, while the twin photonic jets are produced by two incident light beams. In this letter, we presented and demonstrate a method to combine photonic hooks and twin photonic jets. A single light plane wave and a symmetric microparticle, twin-ellipse microcylinder, are used in this research. The curvature degree, length and maximum E2 filed enhancement of twin photonic hooks are varied significantly, with the change of refractive indices and shape of twin-ellipse microcylinder. And a liquid-immersed core-shell is built to achieve a flexible tunability