Summary of a Topical Forum FAQ Based on the Chinese Composition Structure

An automatic multiple-document summarization system for producing frequently asked questions (FAQ) of a topical forum can save forum Webmasters a great deal of time in theory. This work will address summary composition issue of a previous work by proposing a structured presentation based on a four-part pattern of traditional Chinese articles. The result of the experiment shows that the enhanced system with both domain-terminology corpus methods produced a significantly better summary presentation than the original system. Recall rate and precision rate performance indices and user evaluations are also presented and discussed to show their practical implications

Intenzitet toplinske modifikacije topolovine. Dio 1: Karakterizacija i predikcija površinskog sloja

Wood heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method, and the heat-treated wood properties are closely related to thermal modification intensity. This study focuses on the 0-3 mm surface layer (SL) of poplar wood heat treated at 160~220 °C. The modification intensity, including surface color, hardness, chemical component and morphological changes of the SL, was evaluated. The findings of this research showed that the color difference of the poplar wood before and after heat treatment (ΔE*1) increased; the color difference between up-surface and down-surface of the SL (ΔE*2) also increased with the treatment temperature. Consequently, the surface hardness (HR) decreased with the increase of treatment intensity. When the treatment temperature was higher than 160 °C, the up-surface and down-surface of the SL were statistically different in color. Chemical component analysis revealed that the heat treatment degrades wood components, especially the hemicellulose, and correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the change rate of hemicellulose and the ΔE*1 or HR value; the prediction functions have been established at a high confidence level of 0.99. Overall, the thermal modification intensity of the heat-treated surface layer (SL) of poplar wood varies, and the HR and ΔE*1 value could be used to characterize and predict the modification intensity and degree of thermal degradation of the surface layer of heat-treated poplar wood.Toplinska obrada drva ekološki je prihvatljiva metoda, a svojstva toplinski modificiranog drva usko su povezana s intenzitetom toplinske modifikacije. Ovo je istraživanje usredotočeno na površinski sloj (SL) od 0 – 3 mm toplinski modificirane topolovine pri 160 – 220 °C. Istražen je utjecaj intenziteta modifikacije na boju površine, tvrdoću, kemijski sastav i morfološke promjene površinskog sloja. Rezultati su pokazali da se s povećanjem temperature modifikacije povećala razlika u boji topolovine prije i nakon modifikacije (ΔE*1) te razlika u boji između gornje i donje površine površinskog sloja (ΔE*2). Posljedično se tvrdoća površine (HR) smanjila s povećanjem intenziteta modifikacije. Pri temperaturi modifikacije višoj od 160 °C razlika u boji između gornje i donje površine površinskog sloja statistički je značajna. Analiza kemijskog sastava otkrila je da toplinska modifikacija razgrađuje komponente drva, posebice hemicelulozu, a korelacijskom je analizom utvrđena značajna međusobna ovisnost između stupnja promjene hemiceluloze i vrijednosti ΔE*1 i HR. Utvrđene su funkcije predviđanja s visokom razinom pouzdanosti od 0,99. Sve u svemu, intenzitet toplinske modifikacije topolovine u površinskom sloju varira, a vrijednosti HR i ΔE*1 mogu se iskoristiti za karakterizaciju i predviđanje intenziteta modifikacije i stupnja toplinske razgradnje površinskog sloja toplinski modificirane topolovine

Solar microwave millisecond spike at 2.84 GHz

Using the high time resolution of 1 ms, the data of solar microwave millisecond spike (MMS) event was recorded more than two hundred times at the frequency of 2.84 GHz at Beijing (Peking) Observatory since May 1981. A preliminary analysis was made. It can be seen from the data that the MMS-events have a variety of the fast activities such as the dispersed and isolated spikes, the clusters of the crowded spikes, the weak spikes superimposed on the noise background, and the phenomena of absorption. The marked differences from that observed with lower time resolution are presented. Using the data, a valuable statistical analysis was made. There are close correlations between MMS-events and hard X-ray bursts, and fast drifting bursts. The MMS events are highly dependent on the type of active regions and the magnetic field configuration. It seems to be crucial to find out the accurate positions on the active region where the MMS-events happen and to make co-operative observations at different bands during the special period when specific active regions appear on the solar disk

Comparison of secondary signs as shown by unenhanced helical computed tomography in patients with uric acid or calcium ureteral stones

AbstractUnenhanced helical computed tomography (UHCT) has evolved into a well-accepted diagnostic method in patients with suspected ureterolithiasis. UHCT not only shows stones within the lumen of the ureter, it also permits evaluation of the secondary signs associated with ureteral obstruction from stones. However, there we could find no data on how secondary signs might differ in relation to different compositions of ureteral stones. In this study, we compared the degree of secondary signs revealed by UHCT in uric acid stone formers and in patients forming calcium stones. We enrolled 117 patients with ureteral stones who underwent UHCT examination and Fourier transform infra-red analysis of stone samples. Clinical data were collected as follows: age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine pH, and radiological data on secondary signs apparent on UHCT. The uric acid stone formers had significantly lower urine pH and eGFR in comparison to calcium stone formers, and on UHCT they also had a higher percentage of the secondary signs, including rim sign (78.9% vs. 60.2%), hydroureter (94.7% vs. 89.8%), perirenal stranding (84.2% vs. 59.2%) and kidney density difference (73.7% vs. 50.0%). The radiological difference was statistically significant for perirenal stranding (p=0.041). In conclusion, we found that UHCT scanning reveals secondary signs to be more frequent in patients with uric acid ureteral stones than in patients with calcium stones, a tendency that might result from an acidic urine environment

Syntheses, Structures and Insulin-Like Activity of Two Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes with Similar Nicotinohydrazone Ligands

Two new oxidovanadium(V) complexes, [VOL1(HQ)] (1) and [VOL2(SAH)] (2), were prepared by the reaction of [VO(acac)2] (where acac = acetylacetonate) with N'-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide (H2L1) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (HHQ), and N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide (H2L2) and salicylhydroxamic acid (HSAH), respectively, in methanol. Crystal and molecular structures of the complexes were determined by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The V atoms in both complexes are in octahedral coordination. Thermal stability of the complexes was studied. Both complexes can decrease the blood glucose level in alloxan-diabetic mice, but the blood glucose level in the treated normal mice was not altered. 搜索 复

Electronic phase diagram of LixCoO2 revisited with potentiostatically de-intercalated single crystals

Electronic phase diagram of LixCoO2 has been re-examined using potentiostatically de-intercalated single crystal samples. Stable phases of x ~ 0.87, 0.72, 0.53, 0.50, 0.43, and 0.33 were found and isolated for physical property studies. A-type and chain-type antiferromagnetic orderings have been suggested from magnetic susceptibility measurement results in x ~ 0.87 and 0.50 below ~ 10 K and 200 K, respectively, similar to those found in NaxCoO2 system. There is no Li vacancy superlattice ordering observed at room temperature for the electronically stable phase Li0.72CoO2 as revealed by synchrotron X-ray Laue diffraction. The peculiar magnetic anomaly near ~ 175 K as often found in powder samples of x ~ 0.46-0.78 cannot be isolated through this single crystal potentiostatic method, which supports the previously proposed explanation to be surface stabilized phase of significant thermal hysteresis and aging character.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl

SiRA: Sparse Mixture of Low Rank Adaptation

Parameter Efficient Tuning has been an prominent approach to adapt the Large Language Model to downstream tasks. Most previous works considers adding the dense trainable parameters, where all parameters are used to adapt certain task. We found this less effective empirically using the example of LoRA that introducing more trainable parameters does not help. Motivated by this we investigate the importance of leveraging "sparse" computation and propose SiRA: sparse mixture of low rank adaption. SiRA leverages the Sparse Mixture of Expert(SMoE) to boost the performance of LoRA. Specifically it enforces the top $k$ experts routing with a capacity limit restricting the maximum number of tokens each expert can process. We propose a novel and simple expert dropout on top of gating network to reduce the over-fitting issue. Through extensive experiments, we verify SiRA performs better than LoRA and other mixture of expert approaches across different single tasks and multitask settings

Clonal dissemination of the multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Braenderup, but not the serovar Bareilly, of prevalent serogroup C1 Salmonella from Taiwan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nontyphoidal <it>Salmonella </it>is the main cause of human salmonellosis. In order to study the prevalent serogroups and serovars of clinical isolates in Taiwan, 8931 <it>Salmonellae </it>isolates were collected from 19 medical centers and district hospitals throughout the country from 2004 to 2007. The pulsed-field eletrophoresis types (PFGE) and antibiotic resistance profiles of <it>Salmonella enterica </it>serovars Bareilly (<it>S</it>. Bareilly) and Braenderup (<it>S</it>. Braenderup) were compared, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) plasmids were characterized.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Over 95% of human salmonellosis in Taiwan was caused by five <it>Salmonella </it>serogroups: B, C1, C2-C3, D1, and E1. <it>S</it>. Typhymurium, <it>S</it>. Enteritidis, <it>S</it>. Stanley and <it>S</it>. Newport were the four most prevalent serovars, accounting for about 64% of isolates. While only one or two major serovars from four of the most prevalent serogroups were represented, four predominant serovars were found in serogroup C1 <it>Salmonellae</it>. The prevalence was decreasing for <it>S</it>. Choleraeuis and <it>S</it>. Braenderup, and S. Virchow and increasing for <it>S</it>. Bareilly. <it>S</it>. Braenderup mainly caused gastroenteritis in children; in contrast, <it>S</it>. Bareiley infected children and elderly people. Both serovars differed by <it>Xba</it>I-PFGE patterns. Almost all <it>S</it>. Bareilly isolates were susceptible to antibiotics of interest, while all lacked plasmids and belonged to one clone. Two distinct major clones in <it>S</it>. Braenderup were cluster A, mainly including MDR isolates with large MDR plasmid from North Taiwan, and cluster B, mainly containing susceptible isolates without R plasmid from South Taiwan. In cluster A, there were two types of conjugative R plasmids with sizes ranging from 75 to 130 kb. Type 1 plasmids consisted of replicons F1A/F1B, <it>bla</it>_TEM, IS<it>26</it>, and a class 1 integron with the genes <it>dfrA12</it>-<it>orfF</it>-<it>aadA2-qacE</it>Δ1-<it>sulI</it>. Type 2 plasmids belonged to incompatibility group Inc<it>I</it>, contained <it>tnpA</it>-<it>bla</it>_CMY-2-<it>blc</it>-<it>sugE </it>genetic structures and lacked both IS<it>26 </it>and class 1 integrons. Although type 2 plasmids showed higher conjugation capability, type 1 plasmids were the predominant plasmid.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Serogroups B, C1, C2-C3, D1, and E1 of <it>Salmonella </it>caused over 95% of human salmonellosis. Two prevalent serovars within serogroup C1, <it>S</it>. Bareilly and cluster B of S. Braenderup, were clonal and drug-susceptible. However, cluster A of <it>S</it>. Braenderup was MDR and probably derived from susceptible isolates by acquiring one of two distinct conjugative R plasmids.</p

Establishment and verification a nomogram for predicting portal vein thrombosis presence among admitted cirrhotic patients

BackgroundPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) is an increasingly recognized complication of cirrhosis and possibly associated with mortality. This study aims to evaluate provoking factors for PVT, then establish a concise and efficient nomogram for predicting PVT presence among admitted cirrhotic patients.Materials and methodsAll cirrhotic patients admitted in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2010 and September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, the clinical and laboratory data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method were used for screening the independent predictors and constructing the nomogram. The calibration curve was plotted to evaluate the consistent degree between observed outcomes and predicted probabilities. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was used to assess the discriminant performance. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was carried out to evaluate the benefits of nomogram.ResultsA total of 4,479 patients with cirrhosis were enrolled and 281 patients were identified with PVT. Smoking history, splenomegaly, esophagogastric varices, surgical history, red blood cell transfusion, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for PVT in cirrhosis. A nomogram was established with a good discrimination capacity and predictive efficiency with an the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.704 (95% CI: 0.664–0.745) in the training set and 0.685 (95% CI: 0.615–0.754) in the validation set. DCA suggested the net benefit of nomogram had a superior risk threshold probability.ConclusionA concise and efficient nomogram was established with good performance, which may aid clinical decision making and guide best treatment measures

Developmental changes in the role of different metalinguistic awareness skills in Chinese reading acquisition from preschool to third grade

Copyright @ 2014 Wei et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The present study investigated the relationship between Chinese reading skills and metalinguistic awareness skills such as phonological, morphological, and orthographic awareness for 101 Preschool, 94 Grade-1, 98 Grade-2, and 98 Grade-3 children from two primary schools in Mainland China. The aim of the study was to examine how each of these metalinguistic awareness skills would exert their influence on the success of reading in Chinese with age. The results showed that all three metalinguistic awareness skills significantly predicted reading success. It further revealed that orthographic awareness played a dominant role in the early stages of reading acquisition, and its influence decreased with age, while the opposite was true for the contribution of morphological awareness. The results were in stark contrast with studies in English, where phonological awareness is typically shown as the single most potent metalinguistic awareness factor in literacy acquisition. In order to account for the current data, a three-stage model of reading acquisition in Chinese is discussed.National Natural Science Foundation of China and Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences