PPI action framework for further embedding PPI within research programme.

PPI action framework for further embedding PPI within research programme.</p

IMPRESS project flow chart.

IMPRESS project flow chart.</p

IMPRESS Case study NPT radar plots.

IMPRESS Case study NPT radar plots.</p

IMPRESS case studies and their organisation of PPI.

IMPRESS case studies and their organisation of PPI.</p

Pharmacist provided medicines reconciliation within 24 hours of admission and on discharge: a randomised controlled pilot study

Background: The UK government currently recommends that all patients receive medicines reconciliation (MR) from a member of the pharmacy team within 24 hours of admission and subsequent discharge. The cost-effectiveness of this intervention is unknown. A pilot study to inform the design of a future randomised controlled trial to determine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a pharmacist-delivered service was undertaken. Method: Patients were recruited 7 days a week from 5 adult medical wards in 1 hospital over a 9 month period and randomised using an automated system to intervention (MR within 24 hours of admission and at discharge) or usual care which may include MR (control). Recruitment and retention rates were determined. Length of stay (LOS), quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), unintentional discrepancies (UDs) and emergency readmission (ER) within 3 months were tested as outcome measures. The feasibility of identifying and measuring intervention-associated resources was determined. Result: 200 patients were randomised to either intervention or control. Groups were comparable at baseline. 95 (99%) patients in the intervention received MR within 24 hours, while 62 (60.8%) control patients received MR at some point during admission. The intervention resolved 250 of the 255 UDs identified at admission. Only 2 UDs were identified in the intervention group at discharge compared with 268 in the control. The median LOS was 94 hours in the intervention arm and 118 hours in the control, with ER rates of 17.9% and 26.7%, respectively. Assuming 5% loss to follow-up 1120 patients (560 in each arm) are required to detect a 6% reduction in 3-month ER rates. Conclusions: The results suggest that changes in outcome measures resulting from MR within 24 hours were in the appropriate direction and readmission within 3 months is the most appropriate primary outcome measure. A future study to determine cost-effectiveness of the intervention is feasible and warranted

Age and sex structure of telephone survey participants compared with the UK census population.

<p>Age and sex structure of telephone survey participants compared with the UK census population.</p

Decay in the reporting of symptoms among telephone survey participants by recall group^a.

<p>^aEach data point represents the calculated crude annual incidence rate based on the number of participants reporting onset of symptoms on day of interview (x = 0) and each day prior to the date of interview.</p

Additional file 4 of Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Additional file 4. Additional data Tables A and B

Additional file 5 of Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Additional file 5: Figure 2: Directed acyclic graph (DAG)

Additional file 3 of Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Additional file 3. CONSORT checklist