Texts of Kolima dialect of Yukaghir

<p>Clinical chemistry data of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.</p

Enriched gene sets of <i>Homo sapiens</i> and <i>Mus musculus</i>.

(DOCX)</p

<b>NWB2023_Interdisciplinary research classification based on a combined conceptual-empirical framework</b>

Measuring interdisciplinarity is a significant but challenging task in science quantitative studies. Various indicators have been proposed for measurement, but recent studies showed the majority of these indicators are unsatisfactory and that some even produce contradicting results. This problem is largely due to the fact that interdisciplinarity is a complex and multifaceted concept, and it is difficult for indicators to capture this complexity. Therefore, in this study, we argue for classifying interdisciplinary research (IDR) rather than measuring it directly. A combined conceptual-empirical framework is proposed to classify IDR. Specifically, at the conceptual level, four ideal types of IDR—Synthetic, Discovery, Diffusion, and Background—are provided in terms of their knowledge integration patterns; at the empirical level, bibliometrics based on full-text are used to extract citation features (e.g., citation mentioned, shared, length, and function features) of categories from IMR&D structure to characterize different knowledge integration patterns. Finally, these elected features are fed into deep learning classifiers (e.g., CNN and RNN) to achieve the final result of IDR classification. Our result shows that the number of articles of Discovery and Diffusion types accounted for the largest proportion of the total. The proportion of articles of Synthetic type that well-satisfy the core definition of IDR is slightly lower. The Background type accounted for the lowest. We therefore argue that classifying IDR using a well-designed framework is a feasible and reasonable solution to the current “measurement trap” and may offer the opportunity and foundation for subsequent measurement research of different IDR types.</p

Biomimetic Design of Platelet Adhesion Inhibitors to Block Integrin α2β1-Collagen Interactions: I. Construction of an Affinity Binding Model

Platelet adhesion on a collagen surface through integrin α2β1 has been proven to be significant for the formation of arterial thrombus. However, the molecular determinants mediating the integrin–collagen complex remain unclear. In the present study, the dynamics of integrin–collagen binding and molecular interactions were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics–Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) analysis. Hydrophobic interaction is identified as the major driving force for the formation of the integrin–collagen complex. On the basis of the MD simulation and MM-PBSA results, an affinity binding model (ABM) of integrin for collagen is constructed; it is composed of five residues, including Y157, N154, S155, R288, and L220. The ABM has been proven to capture the major binding motif contributing 84.8% of the total binding free energy. On the basis of the ABM, we expect to establish a biomimetic design strategy of platelet adhesion inhibitors, which would be beneficial for the development of potent peptide-based drugs for thrombotic diseases

Charged Surface Regulates the Molecular Interactions of Electrostatically Repulsive Peptides by Inducing Oriented Alignment

Regulation of molecular orientation of charged dipeptides and involved interactions by electrostatic repulsion from like-charged surfaces were studied using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that a charged surface can induce oriented alignment of like-charged peptides, and the oriented alignment leads to enhanced electrostatic repulsion between the peptide molecules. The findings are consistent with previous experimental results about the inhibition of charged protein aggregation using like-charged ion-exchange resin. Furthermore, the simulations provided molecular insights into this process, and demonstrated the distinct regulation effect of like-charged surfaces on the molecular interactions between peptides that possess an electric dipole structure. Both the charged surface and the electric dipole structure of peptides were confirmed to be crucial for the regulation. The research is expected to facilitate the rational design of surfaces or devices to regulate the behavior of amphoteric molecules such as proteins for both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> applications, which would contribute to the regulation of protein–protein interactions and its application in life science and biotechnology

DataSheet_1_Molecular and immunological features of TREM1 and its emergence as a prognostic indicator in glioma.xlsx

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), which belongs to the Ig-like superfamily expressed on myeloid cells, is reportedly involved in various diseases but has rarely been studied in glioma. In this study, the prognostic value and functional roles of TREM2 in glioma were analyzed. TERM1 was observed to be significantly upregulated in GBM compared to in other grade gliomas and was associated with poor prognosis. Increased TREM1 accompanied distinct mutation and amplification of driver oncogenes. Moreover, gene ontology and KEGG analyses showed that TREM1 might play a role in immunologic biological processes in glioma. TREM1 was also found to be tightly correlated with immune checkpoint molecules. xCell research revealed a link between TREM1 expression and multiple immune cell types, especially monocytes and macrophages. Single-cell analysis and immunofluorescence results showed that macrophages expressed TREM1. In vitro, inhibition of TREM1 signaling could result in a decrease in tumor-promoting effects of monocytes/TAMs. In summary, TREM1 may be a potential independent prognostic factor and immune target, which might provide new avenues to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in glioma patients.</p

Biomimetic Design of Platelet Adhesion Inhibitors to Block Integrin α2β1-Collagen Interactions: II. Inhibitor Library, Screening, and Experimental Validation

Platelet adhesion on collagen mediated by integrin α2β1 has been proven important in arterial thrombus formation, leading to an exigent demand on development of potent inhibitors for the integrin α2β1-collagen binding. In the present study, a biomimetic design strategy of platelet adhesion inhibitors was established, based on the affinity binding model of integrin proposed in part I. First, a heptapeptide library containing 8000 candidates was designed to functionally mimic the binding motif of integrin α2β1. Then, each heptapeptide in the library was docked onto a collagen molecule for the assessment of its affinity, followed by a screening based on its structure similarity to the original structure in the affinity binding model. Eight candidates were then selected for further screening by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Thereafter, three candidates chosen from MD simulations were separately added into the physiological saline containing separated integrin and collagen, to check their abilities for blocking the integrin–collagen interaction using MD simulations. Of these three candidates, significant inhibition was observed in the presence of LWWNSYY. Finally, the binding affinity of LWWNSYY for collagen was demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Moreover, significant inhibition of platelet adhesion in the presence of LWWNSYY has been experimentally validated. This work has thus developed an effective strategy for the biomimetic design of peptide-based platelet adhesion inhibitors

In Situ Synthesis of Monodisperse Silver Nanoparticles on Sulfhydryl-Functionalized Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Microspheres for Catalytic Reduction of 4‑Nitrophenol

Immobilization of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to improve monodispersity and recyclability is crucial for applications in nanocatalysts. Herein, a novel protocol for stabilizer-free, effective, and in situ synthesis of Ag NPs on sulfhydryl-functionalized poly­(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres (PGMA-SH) was proposed. Ag NPs of 16.97 ± 3.15 nm were successfully grown on PGMA-SH, and remained monodisperse and stable even after sonication, washing, and long-term storage. Moreover, the Ag NPs on PGMA-SH (Ag NPs@PGMA-SH) composite exhibited excellent catalytic activity with an average normalized activity parameter of 4.38 × 10^–3 L·mg^–1·s^–1 toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, which was 1.3–132 times higher than reported in literature. The composite can be easily recycled and showed excellent reusability as a conversion higher than 92% was achieved after 10 cycles. Thus, the preparation of Ag NPs@PGMA-SH has been proven a feasible, straightforward, and effective protocol, which would facilitate the applications of Ag NPs in environmental control

Fabrication of High Efficient Silver Nanoparticle Catalyst Supported on Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)–Polyacrylamide

Fabrication of highly efficient silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) catalysts supported on polyacrylamide (PAM)-modified poly­(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres was reported herein, for where PAM was used as the robust anchors because of its abundant amide groups. Well-dispersed Ag NPs with an average diameter of 9.7 nm were obtained on the PGMA–PAM microspheres (Ag NPs@PGMA–PAM). Excellent catalytic activity of Ag NPs@PGMA–PAM was observed in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol using sodium borohydride in water at room temperature, indicated by an activity parameter that was 6–1725 times higher than those reported in the literature. In addition, easy regulation on the size of Ag NPs was achieved through the adjustment on the concentration of the Ag precursor, AgNO₃. Therefore, the synthetic method proposed herein was confirmed as being effective for the synthesis of the highly efficient catalyst Ag NPs@PGMA–PAM. This would contribute to the preparation of highly efficient catalyst of supported noble metals and then facilitate their applications in environmental protection

DataSheet_2_Molecular and immunological features of TREM1 and its emergence as a prognostic indicator in glioma.xlsx

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), which belongs to the Ig-like superfamily expressed on myeloid cells, is reportedly involved in various diseases but has rarely been studied in glioma. In this study, the prognostic value and functional roles of TREM2 in glioma were analyzed. TERM1 was observed to be significantly upregulated in GBM compared to in other grade gliomas and was associated with poor prognosis. Increased TREM1 accompanied distinct mutation and amplification of driver oncogenes. Moreover, gene ontology and KEGG analyses showed that TREM1 might play a role in immunologic biological processes in glioma. TREM1 was also found to be tightly correlated with immune checkpoint molecules. xCell research revealed a link between TREM1 expression and multiple immune cell types, especially monocytes and macrophages. Single-cell analysis and immunofluorescence results showed that macrophages expressed TREM1. In vitro, inhibition of TREM1 signaling could result in a decrease in tumor-promoting effects of monocytes/TAMs. In summary, TREM1 may be a potential independent prognostic factor and immune target, which might provide new avenues to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in glioma patients.</p