493,222 research outputs found
Spatial ability, urban wayfinding and location-based services:a review and first results
Location-Based Services (LBS) are a new industry at the core of which are GISand spatial databases. With increasing mobility of individuals, the anticipatedavailability of broadband communications for mobile devices and growingvolumes of location specific information available in databases there willinevitably be an increase in demand for services providing location relatedinformation to people on the move. New Information and CommunicationTechnologies (NICTs) are providing enhanced possibilities for navigating ?smartcities?. Urban environments, meanwhile, have increasing spatial complexity.Navigating urban environments is becoming an important issue. The time is ripefor a re-appraisal of urban wayfinding. This paper critically reviews the currentLBS applications and raises a series of questions with regard to LBS for urbanwayfinding. Research is being carried out to measure individuals? spatialability/awareness and their degree of preference for using LBS in wayfinding. Themethodology includes both the use of questionnaires and a virtual reality CAVE.Presented here are the results of the questionnaire survey which indicate therelationships between individuals? spatial ability, use of NICTs and modepreference for receiving wayfinding cues. Also discussed are our future researchdirections on LBS, particular on issues of urban wayfinding using NICTs
An improved generalized inverse algorithm for linear inequalities and its applications
Iterative, two-class algorithm for linear inequalitie
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Demographics and financial asset prices in the major industrial economies
This paper explores the relationship between demographics and aggregate financial asset prices in 7
OECD countries over the past 50 years. Unlike most extant work it adopts an international as well as
US focus, and also includes non-demographic variables usually considered to influence asset prices in
the econometric specification. Furthermore, we examine effects on bond yields as well as share prices.
The results indicate a significant link between panel, international and US demographics on the one
hand, and real stock prices and real bond yields on the other. The international results are of particular
interest given their robustness and the logic of international financial integration. Generally, an
increase in the fraction of middle-aged people (aged 40-64) tends to boost real asset prices. A
corollary is that a decline in this cohort in coming decades will tend to weaken them. More tentative
results including estimated effects of the over-65 cohort in the US suggest a more severe downturn is
possible, thus underlining the potential market risks associated with sole reliance on fully funded
pension schemes
Error Patterns
In coding theory the problem of decoding focuses on error vectors. In the simplest situation code words are -vectors, as are the received messages and the error vectors. Comparison of a received word with the code words yields a set of error vectors. In deciding on the original code word, usually the one for which the error vector has minimum Hamming weight is chosen. In this note some remarks are made on the problem of the elements 1 in the error vector, that may enable unique decoding, in case two or more code words have the same Hamming distance to the received message word, thus turning error detection into error correction. The essentially new aspect is that code words, message words and error vectors are put in one-one correspondence with graphs
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