Goodness-of-fit for the CD-RISC with different models.

<p>Goodness-of-fit for the CD-RISC with different models.</p

Ordinal reliability coefficients, correlation coefficients and concurrent validity evidence on the CD-RISC with Chinese military sample.

<p>Ordinal reliability coefficients, correlation coefficients and concurrent validity evidence on the CD-RISC with Chinese military sample.</p

The eigenvalues and factor pattern of the CD-RISC with Chinese military sample.

<p>The eigenvalues and factor pattern of the CD-RISC with Chinese military sample.</p

Wet-Spinning of Continuous Montmorillonite-Graphene Fibers for Fire-Resistant Lightweight Conductors

All-inorganic fibers composed of neat 2D crystals possessing fascinating performance (<i>e</i>.<i>g</i>., alternately stacking layers, high mechanical strength, favorable electrical conductivity, and fire-resistance) are discussed in detail. We developed a wet-spinning assmebly strategy to achieve continuous all-inorganic fibers of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoplatelets by incorporation of a graphene oxide (GO) liquid crystal (LC) template at a rate of 9 cm/s, and the templating role of GO LC is confirmed by <i>in situ</i> confocal laser scanning microscopy and polarized optical microscopy inspections. After protofibers underwent thermal reduction, the obtained binary complex fibers composed of neat 2D crystals integrate the outstanding fire-retardance of MMT nanoplatelets and the excellent conductivity of graphene nanosheets. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope observations reveal the microstructures of fibers with compactly stacking layers. MMT-graphene fibers show increaing tensile strengths (88–270 MPa) and electrical conductivities (130–10500 S/m) with increasing graphene fraction. MMT-graphene (10/90) fibers are used as fire-resistant (bearing temperature in air: 600–700 °C), lightweight (ρ < 1.62 g/cm³) conductors (conductivity: up to 1.04 × 10⁴ S/m) in view of their superior performance in high-temperature air beyond commercial T700 carbon fibers. We attribute the fire-resistance of MMT-graphene fibers to the armor-like protection of MMT layers, which could shield graphene layers from the action of oxidative etching. The composite fibers worked well as fire-resistant conductors when being heated to glowing red by an alcohol lamp. Our GO LC-templating wet-spinning strategy may also inspire the continuous assembly of other layered crystals into high-performance composite fibers

Wet-Spinning of Continuous Montmorillonite-Graphene Fibers for Fire-Resistant Lightweight Conductors

All-inorganic fibers composed of neat 2D crystals possessing fascinating performance (<i>e</i>.<i>g</i>., alternately stacking layers, high mechanical strength, favorable electrical conductivity, and fire-resistance) are discussed in detail. We developed a wet-spinning assmebly strategy to achieve continuous all-inorganic fibers of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoplatelets by incorporation of a graphene oxide (GO) liquid crystal (LC) template at a rate of 9 cm/s, and the templating role of GO LC is confirmed by <i>in situ</i> confocal laser scanning microscopy and polarized optical microscopy inspections. After protofibers underwent thermal reduction, the obtained binary complex fibers composed of neat 2D crystals integrate the outstanding fire-retardance of MMT nanoplatelets and the excellent conductivity of graphene nanosheets. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope observations reveal the microstructures of fibers with compactly stacking layers. MMT-graphene fibers show increaing tensile strengths (88–270 MPa) and electrical conductivities (130–10500 S/m) with increasing graphene fraction. MMT-graphene (10/90) fibers are used as fire-resistant (bearing temperature in air: 600–700 °C), lightweight (ρ < 1.62 g/cm³) conductors (conductivity: up to 1.04 × 10⁴ S/m) in view of their superior performance in high-temperature air beyond commercial T700 carbon fibers. We attribute the fire-resistance of MMT-graphene fibers to the armor-like protection of MMT layers, which could shield graphene layers from the action of oxidative etching. The composite fibers worked well as fire-resistant conductors when being heated to glowing red by an alcohol lamp. Our GO LC-templating wet-spinning strategy may also inspire the continuous assembly of other layered crystals into high-performance composite fibers

Revealing the Shear Effect on the Interfacial Layer in Polymer Nanocomposites through Nanofiber Reorientation

For polymer nanocomposites with attractive particle–polymer interactions, the interfacial layer consists of anchored and interpenetrating unanchored chains. The interfacial layer increases the effective hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles and plays a critical role in mechanical reinforcement. Although it is clear that shear flow can lead to bonding-debonding of adsorbed chains, the effect of fast flow on the interfacial layer remains elusive. In this work, we adopted nanofiber-filled polymer nanocomposites with attractive fiber-polymer interactions to reveal the shear effect on the interfacial layer. We found a resting time-dependent stress overshoot in the reversal shear step of the preshear-resting-reversal shear protocol. Such a phenomenon disappeared either when nanofibers were surface-treated to reduce the attractive interaction or when the polymer matrix was replaced with one without attractive interactions. We ascribed the stress overshoot in the reversal shear to the collision and reorientation of nanofibers, and the decrease of overshoot strain with the resting time resulted from the decrease of nanofibers’ aspect ratio instead of Brownian motion and the relaxation of stretched interfacial chains. Because of the retarded relaxation in the interfacial layer, weak shear was sufficient to disentangle the nonadsorbed chains from the adsorbed ones, while a slow process was needed for the free chains re-interpenetrate, whose characteristic time matched the re-entanglement time of free polymer chains

Pairing mAbs 3B10 and 1C1 results in enhanced EphA2 detection sensitivity in conditioned media.

<p>(A) Binding of detection antibody mAb 3B2 plotted against EphA2 concentrations. (B) Logarithmic scale display with binding signals in ∼0.3–30 RU (or ∼0.03–3 ng/cm²) range. The bi-epitope 3B10-1C1 surface detected the lowest EphA2 concentration (15.6 pM at a binding signal of 6 RU or 0.6 ng/cm²), an ∼100- and 200-fold improvement in detection limits when compared with the corresponding 3B10 (1.3 nM) and 1C1 (3.1 nM), respectively, single-epitope surfaces.</p

EphA2 binding to individual mAbs 3B10 (A), 1C1 (B) and corresponding mixture (C) immobilized at high density levels.

<p>When using the single-epitope high density surfaces, dissociation rates were fast and similar to that of the corresponding low density surfaces. Surfaces immobilized with the antibody pair allowed for an ∼100-fold increase in the apparent dissociation rate (∼10⁻⁴ s⁻¹).</p

Generation and characterization of high density bi-epitope SPR sensor surfaces.

<p>(A) Immobilization sensorgrams of mAbs 3B10, 1C1 and 3B10-1C1 mixture. The immobilization profiles are comparable and yielded a high density surface (∼5,000–5,500 RU or ∼500–550 ng/cm²). (B) Confirmation of the co-existence of functional antibodies on the bi-epitope surfaces. Excess of mAbs 3B10 or 1C1 (1 µM) inhibited EphA2 binding to the single-epitope 3B10 or 1C1 surfaces, respectively, but not to the bi-epitope 3B10-1C1 surface.</p

Binding and epitope characterization of various anti-EphA2 mAbs.

<p>(A) Binding kinetics of mAbs 1C1, 3F2, 3B10 and 3B2. Measurements were conducted using a ProteOn XPR36. Each antibody was immobilized at low density (∼200–600 RU or ∼20–60 ng/cm²) using amine coupling and EphA2 injected over the resulting surfaces. All 4 antibodies exhibit fast dissociation rates in the 10⁻²−10⁻³ s⁻¹ range. (B) Epitope binning. Cross-competition binding studies between any pair of mAbs 1C1, 3F2, 3B10 and 3B2 was performed using a ProteOn XPR36 instrument. Injections are indicated by arrows. A response from the second injection indicated that each mAb in a given pair binds to a different epitope. (C) 3 distinct epitopes were identified, including 1 shared between mAbs 3B10 and 3F2.</p