Behaviors and Mechanism of Iron Extraction from Chloride Solutions Using Undiluted Cyphos IL 101

In this study, iron­(III) extraction from acidic chloride solutions using undiluted tri­hexyl­tetra­decyl­phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101) was carried out in a liquid–liquid extraction process. The extraction behaviors under various HCl, chloride, and iron­(III) concentrations; selectivity; and extraction isotherm of iron­(III) were investigated. It was found that iron­(III) was extracted fast and efficiently in a wide chloride concentration range. The highly selective separation of iron­(III) from aluminum­(III), calcium­(II), magnesium­(II), and potassium­(I) in acidic chloride solutions was achieved with a separation factor of Fe­(III) over Al­(III) at 11 000 from a 3 M HCl solution. The maximum loading capacity of iron­(III) reached 83.2 g·L^–1 with a molar ratio of 0.91 for Fe­(III)/Cyphos IL 101. Effective stripping of the loaded iron­(III) was achieved with a 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution. The iron-chloro complexes in both aqueous phase and Cyphos IL 101 phase were characterized using spectroscopic techniques. Ultraviolet–visible and Raman spectra confirmed that iron­(III) formed a series of iron-chloro complexes in acidic chloride solutions, while present solely in the form of tetrachloroferrate complex ([FeCl₄]⁻) in the Cyphos IL 101 phase. An extraction mechanism was proposed in which both FeCl₃ ion association and [FeCl₄]⁻ anion exchange with the chloride anion of Cyphos IL 101 play the key role during iron­(III) extraction

Identification of Metabolite Biomarkers for Gout Using Capillary Ion Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis, and the detailed pathogenic mechanisms for this metabolic disorder remain largely unknown. In this study, we first profiled the salivary metabolites in 8 patients with gout, 15 patients with hyperuricaemia (HUA), and 15 healthy individuals using capillary ion chromatography (CIC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Forty-nine salivary metabolites were found to be significantly changed between gout patient and healthy control groups, and 26 salivary metabolites were significantly different between gout and HUA patient groups. Three metabolite biomarkers, uric acid, oxalic acid, and l-homocysteic acid (HCA), were selected for validation in the saliva samples of 30 patients with gout, 30 patients with HUA, and 30 healthy control subjects. By using commercial assay kits for the measurements, salivary uric acid and oxalic acid levels were found to be significantly higher in gout patients than healthy controls, whereas salivary HCA level was significantly higher in gout patients than both HUA patients and healthy controls. These assay measurements were in line with those obtained by CIC-MS/MS. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a new application of CIC-MS/MS for the discovery of novel metabolite biomarkers of gout. Validated biomarkers may be used for noninvasive, diagnostic and prognostic applications in gout. Future studies are warranted to investigate the clinical utility of these identified biomarkers for monitoring gout flare and/or treatment efficacy

Preparation and Evaluation of Self-Assembled Porous Microspheres–Fibers for Removal of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution

A novel design of PP-<i>g</i>-DMAEMA/PM composite fiber as an efficient adsorbent was demonstrated by combining graft polymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with self-assembled modification of porous microspheres (PMs) on the surface of polypropylene (PP) fiber. The structure and composition of the adsorbent was characterized by BET, XPS, FTIR, DSC, FESEM, and water angle. The kinetics and isotherm data indicated that the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) could be well-fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and exothermic process. Because of the π–π interactions and hydrogen bonds between BPA and PP-<i>g</i>-DMAEMA/PM, the resulting fiber obtained a higher adsorption amount (44.43 mg/g) of BPA. The presence of NaCl in the solution could facilitate the adsorption process, whereas the strong acid or strong alkali conditions and higher temperature of the solution were unfavorable. Besides, the obtained fiber reusability without obvious deterioration in performance was demonstrated by at least seven repeated cycles

Vikingar i österled

Information for the primers used in the qRT-PCR analysis. (DOCX 16 kb

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of SOX11-Binding Proteins in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Demonstrates the Interaction of SOX11 and HSP90α

Deregulated expression of SOX11 has been shown to be involved in the progression of various types of cancer. However, the role of SOX11 in head and neck cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were performed to identify the proteins that bind to SOX11 at significantly higher levels in head and neck cancer cells than in normal human oral keratinocytes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that many potential SOX11-binding partners were associated with protein synthesis, cell metabolism, and cell–cell adhesion. One of the identified proteins, heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), was selected for further investigation. The binding of HSP90α with SOX11 in head and neck cancer cells was validated by Co-IP with western blotting. In addition, HSP90α was found to be remarkably overexpressed in head and neck cancer cell lines when compared to its level in normal human oral keratinocytes, and knockdown of HSP90α inhibited the proliferation and invasion capacity of these cancer cells. On the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis, HSP90AA1 gene was overexpressed in head and neck cancer tissues compared to normal controls and increased HSP90AA1 gene expression was positively associated with extracapsular spread and clinical stage. Head and neck cancer patients with higher HSP90AA1 expression had significantly poorer long-term overall and disease-free survival rates than those with lower HSP90AA1 expression. Collectively, our studies indicate that SOX11 binds to HSP90α, a highly overexpressed protein that may promote invasion and progression of head and neck cancer cells

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of SOX11-Binding Proteins in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Demonstrates the Interaction of SOX11 and HSP90α

Deregulated expression of SOX11 has been shown to be involved in the progression of various types of cancer. However, the role of SOX11 in head and neck cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were performed to identify the proteins that bind to SOX11 at significantly higher levels in head and neck cancer cells than in normal human oral keratinocytes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that many potential SOX11-binding partners were associated with protein synthesis, cell metabolism, and cell–cell adhesion. One of the identified proteins, heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), was selected for further investigation. The binding of HSP90α with SOX11 in head and neck cancer cells was validated by Co-IP with western blotting. In addition, HSP90α was found to be remarkably overexpressed in head and neck cancer cell lines when compared to its level in normal human oral keratinocytes, and knockdown of HSP90α inhibited the proliferation and invasion capacity of these cancer cells. On the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis, HSP90AA1 gene was overexpressed in head and neck cancer tissues compared to normal controls and increased HSP90AA1 gene expression was positively associated with extracapsular spread and clinical stage. Head and neck cancer patients with higher HSP90AA1 expression had significantly poorer long-term overall and disease-free survival rates than those with lower HSP90AA1 expression. Collectively, our studies indicate that SOX11 binds to HSP90α, a highly overexpressed protein that may promote invasion and progression of head and neck cancer cells

Phylogenetic tree constructed by alignment of consensus sequence of the isolates in each subgroup, using the neighbor- joining method and evaluated using the interior branch test method with Mega 4 software

Percent bootstrap support is indicated at each node. Avian HEV strain is included as outgroup.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Prevalence of four different subgenotypes of genotype 4 hepatitis E virus among swine in the Shanghai area of China"</p><p>http://www.actavetscand.com/content/50/1/12</p><p>Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2008;50(1):12-12.</p><p>Published online 31 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2426689.</p><p></p

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of SOX11-Binding Proteins in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Demonstrates the Interaction of SOX11 and HSP90α

Deregulated expression of SOX11 has been shown to be involved in the progression of various types of cancer. However, the role of SOX11 in head and neck cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were performed to identify the proteins that bind to SOX11 at significantly higher levels in head and neck cancer cells than in normal human oral keratinocytes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that many potential SOX11-binding partners were associated with protein synthesis, cell metabolism, and cell–cell adhesion. One of the identified proteins, heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), was selected for further investigation. The binding of HSP90α with SOX11 in head and neck cancer cells was validated by Co-IP with western blotting. In addition, HSP90α was found to be remarkably overexpressed in head and neck cancer cell lines when compared to its level in normal human oral keratinocytes, and knockdown of HSP90α inhibited the proliferation and invasion capacity of these cancer cells. On the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis, HSP90AA1 gene was overexpressed in head and neck cancer tissues compared to normal controls and increased HSP90AA1 gene expression was positively associated with extracapsular spread and clinical stage. Head and neck cancer patients with higher HSP90AA1 expression had significantly poorer long-term overall and disease-free survival rates than those with lower HSP90AA1 expression. Collectively, our studies indicate that SOX11 binds to HSP90α, a highly overexpressed protein that may promote invasion and progression of head and neck cancer cells

Additional file 8: of De novo transcriptome and expression profile analyses of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) reveals relevant flubendiamide response genes

Information for the primers used in the qRT-PCR analysis. (DOCX 16 kb

Additional file 7: of De novo transcriptome and expression profile analyses of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) reveals relevant flubendiamide response genes

Differentially expressed genes between flubendiamide-treated and control ACBs. (XLS 27928 kb