Child labor and conflict: evidence from Afghanistan

We study the impact of conflict on both the extensive and the intensive margin of child labor in Afghanistan. We identify and test two main mechanisms. First, if conflict reduces a household income through a decline in parent's compensations, child labor may insure against the decrease in consumption (extensive margin). Second, a child may work longer hours if the marginal benefits of working under conflict is greater than its marginal cost, which may depend on the relative compensations between adults and children, and on the alternative activities (e.g. schooling). Using detailed conflict data from the Afghan War Diary we identify the effect of conflict relying on a shift-share IV strategy. We find that conflict increases the probability that girls work, but reduces the number of hours worked. Our results suggest that this is due to a decrease in household income and an increase in the relative compensations of adults

MAKET KRATON PLERED CIRCA : 1675

Maket ini berusaha mengangkat suatu program yang subjeknya cukup menantang yakni, Kraton Plered yang keberadaannya sekarang sudah hancur rata dengan tanah. Pertimbangan kurikuler historis didaktis tetap menjadi acuan seleksi subjek model dan dilakukan secara objektif saintifik, Tentatif Historis Imajinasi Berdasarkan Kesaksian Sejarah Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah sebuah analisis historis pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Kraton Plered serta merupakan visualisasi Kraton Plered beserta lingkungan sekitarnya pada masa Kasultanan Amangkurat Agung (I). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yakni, diawali dari penentuan subjek, perumusan problema, survai, pengumpulan sumber, analisa sumber, kesimpulan sementara dan berakhir dengan seminar umum, follow up hasil seminar, disimpulkan dalam bentuk grafis (peta, diagram, Chart, denah, irisan, tampak depan, samping, dan atas) "BLUEPRINT". Berdasarkan blueprint, kerja fisik pembuatan maket dilakukan, yang meliputi langkah memotong, merakit, memasang dan finishing. Hasil penelitian merupakan rekonstruksi sebuah model tiga dimensi berupa maket Kraton Plered beserta kelengkapannya, seperti ilustrasi, fotografi, poster, peta, makalah, bibliografi, dokumen, audio visual, dan sebagainya. Kesemuanya untuk sementara disimpan di Ruang Disply Laboratorium Sejarah, FKIP Unversitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Kampus Unit I lantai I gedung B

Table2_Effects of blood flow restriction training on anthropometric and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults: Meta-analysis.docx

Abstract: Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on anthropometric indicators and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases to determine the final literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and Stata 17.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results: A total of 3,985 articles were screened, and five of the studies were included in the Meta-analysis, with a total 66 participants. In each study, subjects were measured before and after BFRT. Meta-results showed that BFRT significantly reduced BMI, lowered body weight, body fat % and waist circumference, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, lowered triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in overweight/obese adults.Conclusion: BFRT can be used as a safe and effective exercise prescription for personalized weight/fat loss. BFRT significantly reduces BMI by reducing body weight, body fat %, and waist circumference and has the effect of improving body composition. It also significantly reduced TC and LDL-C and tends to decrease TG and increase HDL-C in overweight/obese adults, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.</p

Table1_Effects of blood flow restriction training on anthropometric and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults: Meta-analysis.docx

Abstract: Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on anthropometric indicators and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases to determine the final literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and Stata 17.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results: A total of 3,985 articles were screened, and five of the studies were included in the Meta-analysis, with a total 66 participants. In each study, subjects were measured before and after BFRT. Meta-results showed that BFRT significantly reduced BMI, lowered body weight, body fat % and waist circumference, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, lowered triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in overweight/obese adults.Conclusion: BFRT can be used as a safe and effective exercise prescription for personalized weight/fat loss. BFRT significantly reduces BMI by reducing body weight, body fat %, and waist circumference and has the effect of improving body composition. It also significantly reduced TC and LDL-C and tends to decrease TG and increase HDL-C in overweight/obese adults, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.</p

Table3_Effects of blood flow restriction training on anthropometric and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults: Meta-analysis.docx

Abstract: Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on anthropometric indicators and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases to determine the final literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and Stata 17.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results: A total of 3,985 articles were screened, and five of the studies were included in the Meta-analysis, with a total 66 participants. In each study, subjects were measured before and after BFRT. Meta-results showed that BFRT significantly reduced BMI, lowered body weight, body fat % and waist circumference, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, lowered triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in overweight/obese adults.Conclusion: BFRT can be used as a safe and effective exercise prescription for personalized weight/fat loss. BFRT significantly reduces BMI by reducing body weight, body fat %, and waist circumference and has the effect of improving body composition. It also significantly reduced TC and LDL-C and tends to decrease TG and increase HDL-C in overweight/obese adults, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.</p

Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 promotes cell viability and migration in cervical cancer by regulating the miR-23a/HOXC8 axis

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for the occurrence of cervical cancer (CC). Here, we aimed to explore the role of HPV16 in CC and identify the underlying mechanism. The expression of miR-23a, HPV16 E6/E7 and homeobox C8 (HOXC8) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot. Cell viability and migration were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, Transwell and wound healing assays. The targeting relationship between miR-23a and HOXC8 was revealed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-23a was downregulated in HPV16-positive (HPV16+) CC tissues and HPV16+ and HPV18+ cells. Additionally, E6/E7 expression was increased in CC cells. Then, we found that E7, rather than E6, positively regulated miR-23a expression. miR-23a suppressed cell viability and migration, whereas E7 overexpression abrogated this suppression. miR-23a targeted HOXC8, which reversed miR-23a-mediated cell viability and migration. HPV16 E7-mediated miR-23a suppressed CC cell viability and migration by targeting HOXC8, suggesting a novel mechanism of HPV-induced CC. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynaecological malignancy, and persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially HPV16, is a main cause of CC. In this study, we explored the role of HPV16 in CC and the molecular mechanism. We used in vitro study to measure CC cell biological behaviours mediated by HPV16 E7, miR-23a and homeobox C8 (HOXC8). We found that HPV16 E7 promotes CC cell viability and migration. miR-23a expression is decreased in CC cells and inhibits cell viability and migration. HOXC8 is a target of miR-23a that reversed the effects on cellular processes caused by miR-23a. These results showed that miR-23a and HOXC8 may be the therapeutic targets of HPV16 E7-infected CC. What is more, our findings provide new insights into the progression of CC.</p

Histograms of numbers of genome-wide significant SNPs by tests across 290 traits.

We compare the signals identified by TFemale: Female-only analysis, TMale: Male-only analysis, TDiff: SNP-sex interaction-only test, T1,metaL: Traditional sex-combined meta-analysis, and T2,metaQ: Omnibus meta-analysis. The sex-stratified GWAS summary statistics come from the Neale lab’s UK Biobank GWAS round 2, which included a cohort of 361,194 participants (194,174 females and 167,020 males). We excluded phenotypes with no signals in any of the five methods. (TIF)</p

Pairwise scatter plots of the genome-wide significant (<i>p</i> < 5 × 10⁻⁸) associations detected by any of the five testing methods considered.

(A) includes 6,207,519 SNP-phenotype associations across all 290 traits analyzed, and (B) includes 6,175,594 SNP-phenotype associations after excluding testosterone. The five association methods include TFemale (Female-only analysis), TMale (Male-only analysis), TDiff (SNP-sex interaction-only test), T1,metaL (the traditional sex-combined meta-analysis), and T2,metaQ (the omnibus meta-analysis); see Table 1 for method details. The sex-stratified GWAS summary statistics come from the Neale lab’s UK Biobank GWAS round 2, which included a cohort of up to 361,194 participants (194,174 females and 167,020 males). Axes depict −log10 p-values for each pair of tests, and each hexagon’s color corresponds to the count of associations falling within the −log10 p-value range defined by that region. Dashed line indicates the main diagonal reference line. The −log10 p maximum was truncated at 200 to improve visualization.</p

Stacked Manhattan plots of genome-wide significant SNPs with either sex-stratified MAF ≤ 0.05, comparing <i>T</i>_{2,<i>metaQ</i>} vs all other four methods.

(A) SNPs identified by T2,metaQ but missed by all other four methods across all the 290 traits, (B) SNPs missed by T2,metaQ but identified by any other four methods across all the 290 traits, (C) SNPs identified by T2,metaQ but missed by all other four methods after removing the testosterone, and (D) SNPs missed by T2,metaQ but identified by any other four methods after removing the testosterone. The −log10 p-values (with further log10 transformation on y-axis to aid presentation) are shown for the five association methods, including TFemale (Female-only analysis), TMale (Male-only analysis), TDiff (SNP-sex interaction-only test), T1,metaL (the traditional sex-combined meta-analysis), and T2,metaQ (the omnibus meta-analysis); see Table 1 for method details. The sex-stratified GWAS summary statistics come from the Neale lab’s UK Biobank GWAS round 2, which included a cohort of up to 361,194 participants (194,174 females and 167,020 males). The red horizontal lines indicate the genome-wide significant threshold of 5 × 10−8 on the −log10 scale. (TIF)</p

Sex-specific Z-scores of X chromosome SNP rs5934505 in GWAS of 290 continuous phenotypes.

The sex-stratified GWAS summary statistics come from the Neale lab’s UK Biobank GWAS round 2, which included a cohort of up to 361,194 participants (194,174 females and 167,020 males). The dashed lines indicate critical values corresponding to the two-tailed test at genome-wide significant level (5E-8). (TIF)</p