User interface derivation based on a role-enriched business process model

In recent decades, the boom of information and communication technology has brought countless business process changes in a wide range of organizations and enterprises. A business process (BP) describes a collection of linked tasks to produce a particular product or service. Each task is a logic unit of work performed by human users or applications. Human users participate in a business process through user interfaces (UIs). In a business process, the UI accepts input and provides output for the process users. The implementation of a business process often involves a lot of hard coding work. In particular, the development of the UI of process often constitutes 70% to 80% of the manually written code for the BP implementation. The hard coding for UI development can cause many problems. The realization and maintenance of the UI of a process are often not only costly and effort-consuming but also error-prone due to the nature of hard coding. Moreover, the hard coding leads to a tight coupling between the BPs and their UIs. Any changes of existing UIs/BPs cannot be easily adapted without recoding. To overcome the problems mentioned above, it is highly desirable to develop a UI derivation method based on a business process model. The business process model should support the UI logic with the following features: (1)each participating user role includes a UI logic; (2) each UI logic consists of a set of containers and the execution constraints of these containers; (3) each container includes a set of data items specified with access types (read,write). In this thesis, we propose a UI derivation method based on a role-enriched business process model to derive complex UI logics. The proposed UI derivation method has the following features: A role-enriched business process model is proposed with the capabilities to specify (1) the control ow relations between tasks; (2) the relationships between the participating user roles and individual tasks; (3) the data operation ow inside each task. In the process model, we identify a set of control ow patterns and data operation patterns to build up the rules for UI derivation. The business process is abstracted and aggregated for each user role based on the role-enrich BP model. A set of elementary operations are developed according to the control flow patterns to reserve or abstract tasks for each user role. With the abstracted and aggregated business process (AABP), a customized UI logic is derived for each participating user role. Data relationships are extracted from the AABP for each user role. A set of elementary operations are developed according to the data operations inside individual tasks and the identified control flow patterns in the AABP. The extracted data relationships are the foundation to analyze and derive the UI logic. A set of mandatory and recommended rules are specified. The UI logics are derived from the extracted data relationships based on these specified rules. A UI Derivation Tool (UIDrvTool) is developed as the implementation of our proposed UI derivation approach.In summary, this research sheds new light on the state-of-art of the UI development for business processes

Novel Cell–Inorganic Hybrid Catalytic Interfaces with Enhanced Enzymatic Activity and Stability for Sensitive Biosensing of Paraoxon

To improve the biosensing performance of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), the novel bioinorganic hybrid catalysts were facilely explored by biomineralization and cell surface display technology. During biomineralization, cobalt phosphate crystals were deposited onto the surface of OPH-fused bacteria, and the inorganic crystals at middle of cell collapsed inwardly to form the final spindle morphology because of the lowest energy principle and the mechanics principle. OPH would show the allosteric effect from “inactive” form to “active” form, and the “active” form was “fixed” when OPH was embedded into cobalt phosphate. Therefore, the activity of mineralized OPH-fused cells was greatly enhanced about 3 times in comparison with original OPH-fused cells. Additionally, the stability of the novel hybrid catalysts was also significantly improved. Further, the as-synthesized bioinorganic hybrid catalysts were applied to sensitive paraoxon biosensing, which exhibited lower limit of detection than that of the original counterpart. Thus, this hybrid biocatalytic system would provide a model to develop a wide range of biocatalysts and find a wide range of applications in industrial catalysis, analytical chemistry, and environmental engineering

Histochemical GUS staining of transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

<p>A, GUS staining in different organs of the T1 transgenic plants. a, Rosette leaves, scale bars = 0.5 mm. b, Magnified view of a, scale bars = 0.1 mm. c, Inflorescence, scale bar = 1.0 mm. d, Inflorescence shoots, scale bars = 0.1 mm. e, Flowers, scale bars = 0.5 mm. f, Flower pedicles, scale bars = 0.1 mm. g, Sepals, scale bars = 0.1 mm. h, Stamen, scale bars = 0.1 mm. i, Styles, scale bars = 0.1 mm. B, GUS staining in different developmental stages of T2 seedlings of the plants transformed by GbSLSPF2. a, 3-day old seedling, scale bar = 0.5 mm. b, Magnified view of a, scale bar = 0.2 mm. c, 7-day old seedling, scale bar = 1.0 mm. d, Hypocotyl of c, scale bar = 0.2 mm. e, 15-day old seedling, scale bar = 1.5 mm. f, Cotyledon of e, scale bar = 0.3 mm. g, Magnified view of f, scale bar = 0.1 mm. h, Rosette leaf of e, scale bar = 0.3 mm. i, Magnified view of h, scale bar = 0.1 mm.</p

Additional file 1 of NF-κB RelA is a cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint restricting glycolysis

Additional file 1: Methods

Analysis of variation of ion content in the roots of tall fescue as affected by cultivar, salt types and salt concentrations.

<p>Analysis of variation of ion content in the roots of tall fescue as affected by cultivar, salt types and salt concentrations.</p

Homochiral Coordination Polymer with Infinite Double-Stranded Helices

Hydrothermal reaction of 4,4-trimethylenedipyridine (tmdp) with ZnI2 under 175 °C yields a novel compound, {[Zn2I4(tmdp)2]n·[Zn2I4(tmdp)2]n}, which has a chiral infinite double-stranded helical structure consisting of two single-stranded helices of the same handedness

Palmatine Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting M1 Phenotype Macrophage Polarization via NAMPT/TLR2/CCR1 Signaling

The present work was conducted to research the potential mechanism of palmatine (PAL) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused acute lung injury (ALI). Network pharmacology and bioinformatic analyses were carried out. Mice were intragastrically treated with PAL and intratracheally stimulated with LPS. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were employed for the in vitro model. The MPO activity, W/D ratio, neutrophils, total cell number in BALF, and histopathological alteration were examined. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-4, and IL-10 in serum, BALF, and supernatant were examined by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of iNOS, CD68, Arg1, Ym1, and CD206 and protein expressions of NAMPT, TLR2, CCR1, and NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by PCR, WB, and immunofluorescence. The NAMPT inhibitor FK866, TLR2 inhibitor C29, CCR1 inhibitor BX471, NAMPT-overexpression (OE) plasmid, and TLR2-OE plasmid were used for mechanism research. As a result, PAL relieved the symptoms of ALI. PAL inhibited M1 phenotype indices and promoted M2 phenotype indices in both LPS-induced mice and RAW264.7 cells. PAL also inhibited the expressions of NAMPT, TLR2, CCR1, and NLRP3 inflammasome. The treatments with FK866, NAMPT-OE plasmid, C29, TLR2-OE plasmid, and BX471 proved that PAL exerted its effect via NAMPT/TLR2/CCR1. Molecular docking suggested that PAL might combine with NAMPT. In conclusion, PAL ameliorated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting M1 phenotype macrophage polarization via NAMPT/TLR2/CCR1 signaling

Schematic presentation of the GbSLSP promoter 5′-and 3′-deletion series.

<p>A, Schematic diagrams of deletion series constructs. Solid round (•), the (T/A)AAAG elements on sense strand (5′ to 3′); Solid square (▪), (T/A)AAAG elements on antisense strand (3′ to 5′); White triangle (△), TATA-box. B, Quantitative analysis of GUS activity from the deletion series in T0 transgenic tobacco leaves. Values represent mean and standard error.</p

Assembly of a Cluster-Based Coordination Polymer from a Linear Trimetallic Building Block Surrounded by Flexible Hingelike Ligands

A linear trimetallic cluster {[Cd3(bhnq)3(H2O)2](DMF)(H2O)3}n (1) has been synthesized from Cd(II) salts and a flexible hingelike ligand, 2,2′-bis(3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone). Sequential assembly of the linear trimetallic cluster as a new controlled second building unit with rigid covalent linker resulted in a one-dimensional hybrid cluster-based coordination polymer, {[Cd3(bhnq)3(4,4′-bipy)](DMF)(H2O)3}n 2, which is further assembled into a three-dimensional supramolecular framework with cavities via self-complementary π−π interactions

Shoot and root biomass of tall fescue as affected by sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and calcium chloride.

<p>Data were combined for two cultivars, Tar Heel II and Wolfpack. * and ** denote significance at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.</p