An Analysis on Syntactic and Semantic Factors Found in Newspaper Headlines

As a type of media text, newspaper has an important role in human\u27s life because it presents various local, national and International information and events. In order to attract readers\u27 attention, journalists make the headlines as ambiguous and confusing as possible so that readers are curious to know the content of the whole story and they would read it. Moreover, in presenting the information or events, different reporters will have different linguistic choices which include the choice of words and expressions and different linguistic structures. Thus, this paper analyzes how the different linguistic choices and structures used in the headlines of The Jakarta Post and Indonesian Daily News would construct different linguistic representations of events in the world

Optimisation of nickel electrodeposition solutions for power usage

If electroplating processes are to be truly ‘green’ a number of issues must be addressed, notably water and electrical power usage. Electricity is used both for the driving of the process itself and for some of the process conditions, eg. temperature, agitation etc. The study of solution conductivity for electroplating solutions shows how some electrical power saving can be achieved. In the case of nickel small gains can be made by optimising solution concentrations but greater gains are attainable by the use of air-free agitation

Molecular dynamics simulation of fracture and energy dissipation in polymer/clay nanocomposites

Molecular dynamics simulation method was used to investigate the effect of nanofillers on fracture strength and energy dissipation of polymers, including nanofillers contents, interaction strength between the nanofillers and polymer chains, relaxation time and geometry of the nanofillers. Molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that the addition of layered silicate can improve the fracture strength of polymers. The interactions between the surface of layered silicate and polymer chains, and the difference between the relaxation times of layered silicate and that f polymer chains have significant influences on the fracture strength and energy dissipation of polymers. For these polymers, which Tgs are lower than room temperature, such as polyurethane, or nearby (or equal to) room temperature, such as Nylons, the nanoplatelets can always enhance the mechanical properties. However, for these polymers, which Tgs are higher than room temperature, such as epoxy and polystyrene, the addition of the nanoplatelets does not work well for toughening these polymers. If one wants the nanoplatelets to be working for toughening these polymers, it is necessary to build up a stress relaxation interface between the polymer matrix and the nanoplatelets, such as the modification of the surfaces of nanofillers using coupling agents. When the relaxation time of the polymer is long enough, the incorporation of nanofillers into the polymer will cause the polymer to become more brittle. This result explains why the toughness of epoxy/ clay nanocomposites becomes poor. The simulation results clearly revealed that' the orientation of nanoplatelets is reversible at low strain of 50% suggesting that additional energy dissipation only results from the frictional sliding at the interface, whereas the orientatiqn of nanoplatelets at large strain of 200% showed more irreversibility suggesting that the additional energy loss results from both the interfacial frictional sliding and the orientation of the nanoplatelets. The additional dissipated energy was also influenced by the strength of interactions between polymer chains and clay platelets. The stronger interactions the more energy dissipated. Molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that the geometry of nanofillers also affect the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The enhancement if carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of the polymers are enhanced the greatest by carbon nanotubes

Sensitive Monitoring of Fluoroquinolones in Milk and Honey Using Multiple Monolithic Fiber Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In the present study, a new multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction (MMF-SPME) based on poly­(apronal-<i>co</i>-divinylbenzene/ethylenedimethacrylate) monolith (APDE) was synthesized. The effect of the preparation parameters of APED on extraction efficiency was studied thoroughly. The combination of APDE/MMF-SPME with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC/MS-MS) was developed for sensitive monitoring of ultratrace fluoroquinolones (FQs) in foodstuffs, including milk and honey samples. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) for the targeted FQs ranged from 0.0019 to 0.018 μg/kg in milk and 0.0010 to 0.0028 μg/kg in honey. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for method reproducibility were less than 9% in all samples. The established method was successfully applied for the monitoring of FQs residues in milk and honey samples with the recoveries between 74.5% and 116% (RSDs were in the range 0.9–9.5%). In comparison to previous methods, the developed APDE/MMF-SPME-HPLC/MS-MS showed some merits, including satisfactory sensitivity, simplicity, high cost-effectiveness, and low consumption of organic solvent

Use of Transmission and Reflection Complex Time Delays to Reveal Scattering Matrix Poles and Zeros: Example of the Ring Graph

We identify the poles and zeros of the scattering matrix of a simple quantum graph by means of systematic measurement and analysis of Wigner, transmission, and reflection complex time delays. We examine the ring graph because it displays both shape and Feshbach resonances, the latter of which arises from an embedded eigenstate on the real frequency axis. Our analysis provides a unified understanding of the so-called shape, Feshbach, electromagnetically-induced transparency, and Fano resonances, on the basis of the distribution of poles and zeros of the scattering matrix in the complex frequency plane. It also provides a first-principles understanding of sharp resonant scattering features, and associated large time delay, in a variety of practical devices, including photonic microring resonators, microwave ring resonators, and mesoscopic ring-shaped conductor devices. Our analysis is the first use of reflection time difference, as well as the first comprehensive use of complex time delay, to analyze experimental scattering data

Prognosis and risk factors of chronic kidney disease progression in patients with diabetic kidney disease and non-diabetic kidney disease: a prospective cohort CKD-ROUTE study

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is emerging rapidly as the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. In this 3-year prospective, multicenter cohort study, a total of 1138 pre-dialysis CKD patients were recruited. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the etiologies of DKD and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for confounding factors, resulting in 197 patients being assigned to DKD and NDKD groups, respectively. The primary endpoints were 50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The secondary endpoints were all-cause death and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We found that DKD patients have a higher risk to develop 50% eGFR decline endpoint (HR:2.30, 95%CI [1.48–3.58], p p vs.13.71% and 35.03% vs. 22.34%, respectively). The Cox regression analyses showed that the increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), DKD, decreased serum albumin (Alb), and higher CKD stages were risk factors for the 50% eGFR decline endpoint; the increased SBP, DKD, decreased serum Alb, serum creatinine (Scr), higher CKD stages, presence of proteinuria and CVD were risk factors for KRT endpoint; the increased age, decreased hemoglobin (Hb), decreased serum Alb were risk factors for all-cause death endpoint; the increased age, decreased serum Alb were risk factors for CVD events endpoint. Appropriate preventive or therapeutic interventions should be taken to control these predictive factors to delay the development of CKD complications, thereby improving the prognosis and reducing the disease burden of the high-risk populations.</p

Impact of the Interlayer Distance between Graphene and MoS₂ on Raman Enhancement

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, particularly graphene and graphene/MoS2, have attracted intense attention due to their potential application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Herein, we report how to modulate the SERS response of 2D materials. First, we demonstrate that SERS based on graphene materials is inversely proportional to the functionalization degree. The covalent functionalization interrupts the conjugation of the graphene π-system, inhibiting the charge transfer between graphene and the probe molecule (Rhodamine 6G), thus reducing Raman enhancement. For graphene/MoS2 vdW heterostructures, the SERS enhancement is dominated by the vdW interaction between graphene and MoS2. A shorter interlayer distance, with stronger vdW interactions, improves the dipole–dipole interaction and the charge transfer, increasing the Raman enhancement. Moreover, the SERS intensity of graphene/MoS2 vdW heterostructures varies rapidly when the interlayer distances are less than 0.6 nm, while it varies less at interlayer distances longer than 0.6 nm. This study not only demonstrates the Raman enhancement dependence on the functionalization degree of graphene materials and the interlayer distance in graphene/MoS2 vdW heterostructures but also opens the door for controlling and predicting the SERS intensity based on 2D materials

Preparation of Uniform Magnetic Microspheres through Hydrothermal Reduction of Iron Hydroxide Nanoparticles Embedded in a Polymeric Matrix

A novel method is described for the preparation of nearly monodispersed and highly magnetic responsive microspheres with magnetite nanocrystals formed in a polymeric matrix by hydrothermal reduction. The method is based on the formation of iron hydroxide/polymer composite microspheres by acid-catalyzed condensation polymerization of urea and formaldehyde in the presence of colloidal iron hydroxide. The iron hydroxide colloids entrapped in the polymer matrix are then in situ converted to magnetite nanocrystals by reaction with sodium borohydride under hydrothermal conditions. Characterization of the resulting microspheres with electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry confirmed that these particles possessed a uniform spherical morphology, narrow particle size distribution, and high magnetic susceptibility. More interestingly, the magnetic nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix are of cubic shape and highly crystalline structure. While the growth of uniform composite microspheres is accounted for by the well-known LaMer model, the formation of the cubic magnetite nanocrystals appears to involve a dissolution−recrystallization process. After being coated with silica by the sol−gel approach, the magnetic particles were used as adsorbents for isolation of genomic DNA from biological samples, with results comparable to those obtained by magnetic silica microspheres. Incorporation of iron hydroxide colloids into polymer microspheres coupled with chemically induced phase transformation represents a new cost-effective approach to the preparation of uniform magnetic microspheres that is more controllable with respect to particle properties and more amenable to large-scale production

Image_4_Regulatory Diversity and Functional Analysis of Two-Component Systems in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by GC-MS Based Metabolomics.JPEG

Two-component signal transduction systems are still poorly functionally characterized in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. To address the issue, a GC-MS based comparative metabolomic analysis was conducted on a library of 44 knockout mutants for the response regulators (RRs) in Synechocystis. The metabolomic profiling analysis showed that 7 RRs mutants, namely Δslr1909, Δsll1291, Δslr6040, Δsll1330, Δslr2024, Δslr1584, and Δslr1693, were significantly different at metabolomic level, although their growth patterns are similar to the wild type under the normal autotrophic growth condition, suggesting regulatory diversity of RRs at metabolite level in Synechocystis. Additionally, a detailed metabolomic analysis coupled with RT-PCR verification led to useful clues for possible function of these 7 RRs, which were found involved in regulation of multiple aspects of cellular metabolisms in Synechocystis. Moreover, an integrative metabolomic and evolutionary analysis of all RR showed that four groups of RR genes clustered together in both metabolomic and evolutionary trees, suggesting of possible functional conservation of these RRs during the evolutionary process. Meanwhile, six groups of RRs with close evolutionary origin were found with different metabolomic profiles, suggesting possible functional changes during evolution. In contrast, more than 10 groups of RR genes with different clustering patterns in the evolutionary tree were found clustered together in metabolomics-based tree, suggesting possible functional convergences during the evolution. This study provided a metabolomic view of RR function, and the most needed functional clues for further characterization of these regulatory proteins in Synechocystis.</p

The sediment, NPS-TP and NPS-TN load during the pre-BMP period.

<p>The sediment, NPS-TP and NPS-TN load during the pre-BMP period.</p