Map of sample locations along Caney Fork River in Tennessee and Yadkin River in North Carolina along with phylogenetic tree for the 23 individuals of <i>P. deltoides</i> generated from 20 simple sequences repeat markers.

<p>Each symbol on the maps represents the location of each tree sampled along the river and the corresponding symbol in the phylogenetic tree represents the genotypic relationships amongst individual hosts. The size of the symbol on the branch corresponds to the number of trees in each of the three putative host clonal groups.</p

Distribution of rhizosphere specific, shared, and endosphere specific bacterial and fungal OTUs among all the sampled trees.

<p>Two endosphere samples that repeatedly failed to amplify are listed as NA in the table.</p

Variance partitioning of bacterial and fungal communities from the roots of <i>Populus deltoides</i> into soil properties, host properties, spatial, host genotype, seasonal and beta diversity of corresponding bacterial or fungal community.

<p>Each bar represents total variance partitioned into pure effect or interaction of two or all factors. Only variance proportions that were statistically significant (p≤0.05) are listed. Variables for host and soil properties were selected based on stepwise selection (forward and backward) to remove non-significant terms from the model. (A) Variance partitioning of bacterial community from endosphere and rhizosphere. (B) Variance partitioning of fungal community from endosphere and rhizosphere.</p

A phylogram-based illustration of the experimental design and difference in phylogenetic-based community structure between rhizosphere, endosphere, watersheds and seasons for bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities.

<p>Rhizosphere is represented by brown edges and endosphere by green edges. Similarly, two the watersheds are represented by orange and blue edges for Tennessee and North Carolina, respectively. The end nodes represent the two seasons of sample collection. The number at the node represents the p-values (red for insignificant, blue for significant p≤0.05) generated by comparing the unweighted UniFrac distance metrics between two conditions (left and right nodes) using the <i>adonis</i> function of vegan package in R. Phylograms represent (A) bacterial and (B) fungal communities.</p

Taxonomic distribution of bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities from roots of <i>Populus deltoides</i>.

<p>The first row of stacked bar represents the overall relative abundance across the entire data set, the second row represents endosphere vs. rhizosphere, third row represents the relative abundance in each watershed and the fourth row represents the relative abundance in May vs. September.</p

Le Peuple : organe quotidien du syndicalisme

15 décembre 19361936/12/15 (A16,N5808)-1936/12/15

A Multifactor Analysis of Fungal and Bacterial Community Structure in the Root Microbiome of Mature <i>Populus deltoides</i> Trees

<div><p>Bacterial and fungal communities associated with plant roots are central to the host health, survival and growth. However, a robust understanding of the root-microbiome and the factors that drive host associated microbial community structure have remained elusive, especially in mature perennial plants from natural settings. Here, we investigated relationships of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of the riparian tree species <i>Populus deltoides</i>, and the influence of soil parameters, environmental properties (host phenotype and aboveground environmental settings), host plant genotype (Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers), season (Spring vs. Fall) and geographic setting (at scales from regional watersheds to local riparian zones) on microbial community structure. Each of the trees sampled displayed unique aspects to its associated community structure with high numbers of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) specific to an individual trees (bacteria >90%, fungi >60%). Over the diverse conditions surveyed only a small number of OTUs were common to all samples within rhizosphere (35 bacterial and 4 fungal) and endosphere (1 bacterial and 1 fungal) microbiomes. As expected, <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Ascomycota</i> were dominant in root communities (>50%) while other higher-level phylogenetic groups (<i>Chytridiomycota, Acidobacteria</i>) displayed greatly reduced abundance in endosphere compared to the rhizosphere. Variance partitioning partially explained differences in microbiome composition between all sampled roots on the basis of seasonal and soil properties (4% to 23%). While most variation remains unattributed, we observed significant differences in the microbiota between watersheds (Tennessee vs. North Carolina) and seasons (Spring vs. Fall). SSR markers clearly delineated two host populations associated with the samples taken in TN vs. NC, but overall host genotypic distances did not have a significant effect on corresponding communities that could be separated from other measured effects.</p></div

Analysis of 4,664 high-quality sequence-finished poplar full-length cDNA clones and their utility for the discovery of genes responding to insect feeding-5

Usly published poplar ESTs (i.e., ESTs available in GenBank, excluding ESTs from this study) identified by BLASTN; amino acid sequences in the non-redundant (NR) division of GenBank identified by BLASTX; and The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) non-redundant Arabidopsis peptide matches identified by BLASTX. Panel B shows a Venn diagram of distinct and overlapping patterns of sequence similarity against the three databases (public poplar ESTs, TAIR, NR) at a BLAST E value threshold of < 1e. At this threshold, 95 poplar FLcDNAs had no similarity to sequences in any of the databases examined.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of 4,664 high-quality sequence-finished poplar full-length cDNA clones and their utility for the discovery of genes responding to insect feeding"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/57</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():57-57.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270264.</p><p></p

Analysis of 4,664 high-quality sequence-finished poplar full-length cDNA clones and their utility for the discovery of genes responding to insect feeding-4

Prior to alignment, the 5' second strand primer adaptor sequences (SSPA) and polyA tails were removed. Among 4,642 poplar FLcDNAs that exceeded the minimal criteria for a match to the genome, 3,847 mapped to chromosomes whereas the remainder mapped to scaffold segments. Colored bars indicate the cDNA library of origin for those FLcDNAs mapping to one of the 19 poplar chromosomes. Applying a higher stringency threshold (sequence identity ≥ 95%, alignment coverage ≥ 95%), 4,487 or 96.2% of poplar FLcDNAs could be mapped to the genome.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of 4,664 high-quality sequence-finished poplar full-length cDNA clones and their utility for the discovery of genes responding to insect feeding"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/57</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():57-57.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270264.</p><p></p

L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges

02 avril 19121912/04/02 (A13,N4187)