Design and development of a novel Invasive Blood Pressure simulator for patient's monitor testing

This paper presents a newly-designed and realized Invasive Blood Pressure (IBP) device for the simulation on patient’s monitors. This device shows improvements and presents extended features with respect to a first prototype presented by the authors and similar systems available in the state-of-the-art. A peculiarity of the presented device is that all implemented features can be customized from the developer and from the point of view of the end user. The realized device has been tested, and its performances in terms of accuracy and of the back-loop measurement of the output for the blood pressure regulation utilization have been described. In particular, an accuracy of ±1 mmHg at 25 °C, on a range from −30 to 300 mmHg, was evaluated under different test conditions. The designed device is an ideal tool for testing IBP modules, for zero setting, and for calibrations. The implemented extended features, like the generation of custom waveforms and the Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectivity, allow use of this device in a wide range of applications, from research to equipment maintenance in clinical environments to educational purposes. Moreover, the presented device represents an innovation, both in terms of technology and methodologies: It allows quick and efficient tests to verify the proper functioning of IBP module of patients’ monitors. With this innovative device, tests can be performed directly in the field and faster procedures can be implemented by the clinical maintenance personnel. This device is an open source project and all materials, hardware, and software are fully available for interested developers or researchers.Web of Science201art. no. 25

THE TIME DELAY OF AIR/OXYGEN MIXTURE DELIVERY AFTER THE CHANGE OF SET FIO2: AN IMPROVEMENT OF A NEONATAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Oxygen therapy is an essential treatment of premature infants suffering from hypoxemia. Normoxemia is maintained by an adjustment of the fraction of oxygen (FiO2) in the inhaled gas mixture that is set manually or automatically based on peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Automatic closed-loop systems could be more successful in controlling SpO2 than traditional manual approaches. Computer models of neonatal oxygen transport have been developed as a tool for design, validation, and comparison of the automatic control algorithms. The aim of this study was to investigate and implement the time delay of oxygen delivery after a change of set FiO2 during noninvasive ventilation support to enhance an available mathematical model of neonatal oxygen transport. The time delay of oxygen delivery after the change of FiO2 during the noninvasive nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) ventilation support and during the High Flow High Humidity Nasal Cannula (HFHHNC) ventilation support was experimentally measured using an electromechanical gas blender and a physical model of neonatal lungs. Results show the overall time delay of the change in the oxygen fraction can be divided into the baseline of delay, with a typical time delay 5.5 s for nCPAP and 6.5 s for HFHHNC s, and an exponential rising phase with a time constant about 2–3 s. A delay subsystem was implemented into the mathematical model for a more realistic performance when simulating closed-loop control of oxygenation

Review of present method of glucose from human blood and body fluids assessment

The work has been aimed to create an overview of available and used methods and ways to determine the concentration of glucose in body fluids, especially from a technical point of view. It also provides an overview of the clinical features of these methods. The survey found that today's market offers a large number of options and approaches to the issue. There are accurate reference laboratory methods, self-monitoring methods for measuring glucose levels using glucometers, or continuous methods for daily monitoring of blood glucose trends and for insulin pump control. However, it must not be forgotten that the development of full closure of feedback is still not complete today. Individual methods cannot always be compared with each other, precisely because of the focus and the use of these methods. Choosing the right method of blood glucose levels in the body measuring can help patients to manage their diabetes mellitus. The methods listed in the overview are divided in terms of measurement continuity and further according to the invasiveness of the method. Finally, the issues of accuracy in the detection of glycaemia variability and the possibility of further development of these methods are discussed, as it is clear from the survey that the development is focused mainly on continuous methods improving that get to the forefront and also on developing a biosensor that is purely non-invasive and continuous.Web of Science211art. no. 11434

Ablation of single-crystalline cesium iodide by extreme ultraviolet capillary-discharge laser

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) capillary-discharge lasers (CDLs) are a suitable source for the efficient, clean ablation of ionic crystals, which are obviously difficult to ablate with conventional, long-wavelength lasers. In the present study, a single crystal of cesium iodide (CsI) was irradiated by multiple, focused 1.5-ns pulses of 46.9-nm radiation delivered from a compact XUV-CDL device operated at either 2-Hz or 3-Hz repetition rates. The ablation rates were determined from the depth of the craters produced by the accumulation of laser pulses. Langmuir probes were used to diagnose the plasma plume produced by the focused XUV-CDL beam. Both the electron density and electron temperature were sufficiently high to confirm that ablation was the key process in the observed CsI removal. Moreover, a CsI thin film on MgO substrate was prepared by XUV pulsed laser deposition; a fraction of the film was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Web of Science65421020

Effects of Orifice Plate as a Flow Sensor in an Endotracheal Tube on the Ability of Elimination CO2 during HFJV—Animal Study

High-frequency jet ventilators lacking flow monitoring systems, and information about supplied tidal volumes are still missing. This complicates the jet ventilator’s initial setting; at the same time, it complicates the line of the high-frequency ventilation itself. Therefore, an experimental flow sensor (orifice plate) was designed and placed in the ETC (endotracheal tube). Laboratory tests have confirmed the solution’s functionality, but it was necessary to verify the practical applicability for the clinical environment. The experiment shows that the flow sensor is used only for research purposes or when using functional monitoring of chest excursions.</jats:p

Electronic Dynamometer

Cílem této bakaláské práce je návrh elektronického dynamometru, ureného pro snímání síly mezi palcem a ukazovákem a jeho uvedení do provozu v léka ském prostedí. Samotnému návrhu zaízení pedchází úvod do anatomického uspoádání kostí a svalstva ruky a je uveden i pehled možných sníma tlakových sil.The objective of this bachelor's project is a suggestion of electronical dynamometer which is focused on scaning a power among a thumb and an index finger and focusing on its implementation to the medical area. Before the machinery's project there is a introduction of anatomical ordering of the hand's bone and musculature and then a rewiev of possible sensors of pressure powers

Effects of Orifice Plate as a Flow Sensor in an Endotracheal Tube on the Ability of Elimination CO2 during HFJV—Animal Study

High-frequency jet ventilators lacking flow monitoring systems, and information about supplied tidal volumes are still missing. This complicates the jet ventilator’s initial setting; at the same time, it complicates the line of the high-frequency ventilation itself. Therefore, an experimental flow sensor (orifice plate) was designed and placed in the ETC (endotracheal tube). Laboratory tests have confirmed the solution’s functionality, but it was necessary to verify the practical applicability for the clinical environment. The experiment shows that the flow sensor is used only for research purposes or when using functional monitoring of chest excursions

Dynamometric measuring system

Tato práce se zabývá popisem systému pro dynamometrická měření, jeho konstrukčním návrhem a v poslední řadě jeho včleněním do výuky v rámci technicky zaměřených laboratorních cvičení na Fakultě biomedicínského inženýrství Českého vysokého účení technického. Zařízení slouží k současnému snímání mechanogramu pomocí senzoru síly a povrchového EMG zodpovídajících svalových skupin. Měření je možné zobrazovat v reálném čase na PC monitoru a ukládat do souborů, kterése dají dále zpracovávat různými SW aplikacemi.This thesis deals with the description, design and inclusion system for dynamometric measuring to context of technically oriented laboratory exercises at the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University. Equipment is used for current sensing forces byforce sensor and surface EMG from the active muscle groups. Measurements can be displayed in real time on a PC monitor and stored in files which can be further processed by another software applications

SIMULATION AND MODELLING IN EDUCATION OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS

We have designed a few laboratory exercises within the course "Respiratory therapy" which is taught as an elective course in the studying programme "Biomedical engineer". The aim of the course was to prepare practically oriented education with the use of modern medical devices commonly used in the clinical practice. High fidelity simulators and models were involved into the education to maximally increase an interest of students about the education. The graduates of the course should gain theoretical and practical knowledge from ventilator technique and its use in the clinical practice. A laboratory exercise with a special model of the respiratory system based on the human anatomy was prepared. The developed model has five compartments and each compartment is represented by a demijohn with a proper volume. Each compartment has a unique time constant according to the volume of the demijohn and resistance of the tubes representing airways. A device for synchronous measurement of the pressure in eight places and flow was designed to study pressure and flow distribution in different places of the model. Regional ventilation can be evaluated in the exercise. Another exercise is based on the use of respiratory simulator ASL 5000 (Ingmar Medical, USA). The simulator allows to simulate different values of the respiratory system mechanics. It allows to study the interaction between the ventilator and the simulator. The airway resistance and alveolar compliance can be changed in running scenario and immediate effect can be studied. Also a script that allows studying assistive ventilatory regimens was designed for ASL 5000 simulator. The spontaneous breathing generated by the simulator is combined with a support by connected ventilator. We have also prepared an exercise with a life-size mannequin HPS (CAE Healthcare, USA) supporting intubation and connection of the lung ventilator with the mannequin. Students are supposed to intubate the patient and properly connect the ventilator in the scenario of severe desaturation. It is necessary to watch the values of blood gases and find a settings of the ventilator to provide a proper ventilation and maintain a physiological values of blood gases. A set of practical laboratory exercises with modern medical devices, simulators and models of the respiratory system was designed to ensure maximally practical education within the course “Respiratory therapy".</jats:p