Diversity in H.pseudoalbidus

<p>Maximum Likelihood trees for H. pseudoalbidus based on 3rd codon positions of 2,964 single copy genes. (A) Phylogenetic relationship between H. pseudoalbidus and fungi belonging to Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes. The subtree of H. pseudoalbidus was compressed. (B) Phylogenetic relationship between UK isolates and Japanese isolates. The number on the branches shows bootstrap support from 200 iterations.</p

Supplementary document for Apophyllite waveplates - 5934977.pdf

Polarization images of additional apophyllite waveplate samples

Helix Triangle: Unique Peptide-Based Molecular Architecture

We here report a unique cyclic peptide structure, “helix triangle”, as a unique example of peptide-based molecular architecture. The cyclic peptide is designed to have a triangular shape in which three 9mer helical peptide units make the sides and three pyrene derivatives make the apexes. The helical peptide units are ideally linear, and the pyrene units are ideal 60° angular components. The yield of the cyclic peptide was relatively high despite its large cycle size. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the three pyrene units do not interact with each other electronically, and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the helical peptide units take 310-helical conformation. Geometry optimization by the semi-empirical molecular orbital method gave a triangular structure with 310-helices as the plausible molecular structure. To gain more information on the geometry and demonstrate one example of its self-assemblies, the monolayer of the cyclic peptide was prepared at the air/water interface, and its surface pressure-molecular area isotherm was studied. The isotherm indicated formation of a stable monolayer and suggested that the cyclic peptide actually takes the triangular structure predicted by the geometry optimization. The monolayer was then transferred onto a substrate and characterized by various methods. Ellipsometry and infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the cyclic peptide has horizontal orientation to the surface in the monolayer. Furthermore, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the isolated electronic properties of the pyrene units are intact even in a condensed state in the monolayer

Comparison of gene expression profiles among leaves of synthetic wheat with severe chlorosis, mild chlorosis and type III necrosis phenotypes.

<p>The Pearson coefficient values were calculated based on the differences in signal intensities of three sets of the categorized probes, defense-related genes un-regulated, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes un-regulated and photosynthesis-related genes down-regulated, between the wild-type and abnormal growth hybrids.</p><p>Significant correlations</p><p>*, <i>P</i> < 0.05</p><p>**, <i>P</i> < 0.01</p><p>^aMizuno et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121583#pone.0121583.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>]</p><p>Comparison of gene expression profiles among leaves of synthetic wheat with severe chlorosis, mild chlorosis and type III necrosis phenotypes.</p

List of the top 20 up-regulated carbohydrate metabolism genes in leaves of the mild chlorosis line Ldn/IG47202 identified by microarray analysis.

<p>List of the top 20 up-regulated carbohydrate metabolism genes in leaves of the mild chlorosis line Ldn/IG47202 identified by microarray analysis.</p

Responses of four synthetic wheat lines to the wheat blast fungus Br48.

<p>*Infection type with Br48 was estimated according to Chuma et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121583#pone.0121583.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>].</p><p>**S; susceptible, R; resistant</p><p>Responses of four synthetic wheat lines to the wheat blast fungus Br48.</p

Histogram of SKCS hardness index in 19 lines of synthetic hexaploids with AABBUU genomes, five lines of synthetic hexaploids with AABBDD genomes, and Ldn.

Nineteen lines of synthetic hexaploids with AABBUU genomes were selected by selfed-seed fertility. The hardness index data of the ABD hexaploids was referred to in our previous study [31].</p

List of <i>Ae</i>. <i>umbellulata</i> accessions used to produce synthetic hexaploid lines.

List of Ae. umbellulata accessions used to produce synthetic hexaploid lines.</p

Comparisons of variability and correlations in HD, PH, SL, SpN, SpD, SN, MAL, AS, GL, and GW between the ABU hexaploids and their parental <i>Ae</i>. <i>umbellulata</i> accessions.

The regression line and the correlation coefficient for each plot are indicated. Significant correlation coefficients are marked by asterisks (**p p < 0.001).</p

Box plots of traits of AABBAmAm accessions showing WT (green) and HDW (orange) phenotypes measured in 2018.

Significant differences between two growth phenotypes with Mann-Whitney U-test are marked by asterisks. *p (PDF)</p