Descriptive versus Prescriptive Discounting in Climate Change Policy Analysis

This paper distinguishes between five different approaches to social discount rates in climate change economics, criticizes two of these, and explains how the other three are to some degree mutually compatible. It aims to shed some new light on a longstanding debate in climate change economics between so-called “descriptivists” and “prescriptivists” about social discounting. The ultimate goal is to offer a sketch of the conceptual landscape that makes visible some important facets of the debate that very often go unacknowledged

Difracción de rayos X y difracción de neutrones en estudios de fatiga y fractura de materiales

Conferencia invitada de Joseph F KelleherThe fatigue behaviour of polycrystalline metals is often studied through crack propagation analysis [1,2]. Nevertheless, understanding the mechanical processes that take place right at the crack tip [3,4] would also involve considering the deformation developing at the plastic zone and the contact between the crack faces over a portion of the loading cycle [5–7]. Paris law or newer models such as Forman equation are commonly used to interpret growth data [8], but cannot be used to generalise for complex loading scenarios, such as multiaxial loads [9–11] or variable amplitude loads [2]. Diffraction methods are a powerful tool to characterise crack tip strains and stresses [12]. The basics principles of neutron and synchrotron diffraction for measuring bulk properties are discussed [13,14], with special emphasis on grain size effects [15,16], transition between plane stress and plain strain conditions [17], measurement of the plastic zone and development of shielding effects at the crack tip [18]. REFERENCES [1] P. Lopez-Crespo, P.J. Withers, F. Yusof, H. Dai, A. Steuwer, J.F. Kelleher, T. Buslaps, Overload effects on fatigue crack-tip fields under plane stress conditions: surface and bulk analysis, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures. 36 (2013) 75–84. [2] B. Moreno, A. Martin, P. Lopez-Crespo, J. Zapatero, J. Dominguez, Estimations of fatigue life and variability under random loading in aluminum Al-2024T351 using strip yield models from NASGRO, International Journal of Fatigue. 91 (2016) 414–422. [3] C. Bathias, Retrospective view on the role of the plastic zone at a fatigue crack tip, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures. 19 (1996) 1301–1306. [4] P. Lopez-Crespo, D. Camas, F. V Antunes, J.R. Yates, A study of the evolution of crack tip plasticity along a crack front, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. 98 (2018) 59–66.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, de Materiales y Fabricació

The evolution of the 1952 nursing practice act in the state of Rhode Island and Providence plantations.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

2D Saturable Absorbers for Fibre Lasers

© 2015.Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an emergent and promising platform for future photonic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we review recent progress demonstrating the application of 2D nanomaterials as versatile, wideband saturable absorbers for Q-switching and mode-locking fibre lasers. We focus specifically on the family of few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides, including MoS2, MoSe2 and WS2

Library Initiative Confronts Challenges of Human Rights Documentation and Research

Latin American Studie

Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in the development of Alzheimer's disease : Is Alzheimer's a vascular disorder?

Acknowledgements Dr Soiza is funded by an NRS Career Research Fellowship. The authors are grateful to Alzheimer’s Research UK for providing funding.Peer reviewedPublisher PD