Yang Naimei - life practice of a chinese “flapper” of women’s development in China

Abstract: As one of the earliest movie stars in China, Yang Naimei’s life reflects the process of professionalization and modernization of Chinese women in the early 20th century. This study discusses the life practices and significance of Yang Naimei as a Chinese flapper. Flapper refers to the modern girl who arose in Europe and America in the 1920s as a challenge to traditional lifestyles. Yang Naimei fully embodied the characters of the flapper. She often played an unruly woman on the screen, and she had many relationships in her life, accumulating wealth and a reputation with her acting career. However, society at that time did not provide enough space for the sustainable development of the women’s generation, like Yang Naimei, in economic, political and personal life. After the loss of her youth, she was disposed of by the film industry and suffered from poverty and disease in the latter half of her life. Taking Yang Naimei as an illustration of the times can reflect the twists and turns in the treatment of Chinese women offered by the society.</div

DataSheet2_Examining the safety of mirabegron: an analysis of real-world pharmacovigilance data from the US FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.docx

Background: Mirabegron, the first β-3 adrenergic receptor agonist, received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). This pharmacovigilance study investigated the safety profile of mirabegron treatment using the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.Methods: This study employed disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) algorithm, to quantify signals of adverse events associated with mirabegron.Results: From the first quarter of 2012 to the third quarter of 2023, a comprehensive total of 14,356,234 adverse event (AE) reports were submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Within this dataset, encompassing 18,763 reports specifically associated with mirabegron, healthcare professionals notably contributed 2,902 of these reports. A total of 80 preferred terms (PTs) of interest were identified using both the ROR and information component algorithms. The most common AEs included blood pressure increased, urinary retention, atrial fibrillation, dry mouth, and tachycardia, which were consistent with the product instructions. Unexpected significant AEs, such as arrhythmia, palpitations, dementia, transient ischemic attack, Parkinson’s disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis, lip swelling, and swollen tongue, were also identified. The study findings indicated that the majority of onset time occurred within 30 days (n = 358, 55.68%). However, AEs were still possible after 1 year of mirabegron treatment.Conclusion: This study provided valuable evidence for the real-world safety of mirabegron, helping clinical professionals enhance their understanding of mirabegron’s safety in clinical practice. It also contributed valuable evidence for further safety studies on mirabegron.</p

DataSheet1_Examining the safety of mirabegron: an analysis of real-world pharmacovigilance data from the US FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.pdf

Background: Mirabegron, the first β-3 adrenergic receptor agonist, received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). This pharmacovigilance study investigated the safety profile of mirabegron treatment using the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.Methods: This study employed disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) algorithm, to quantify signals of adverse events associated with mirabegron.Results: From the first quarter of 2012 to the third quarter of 2023, a comprehensive total of 14,356,234 adverse event (AE) reports were submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Within this dataset, encompassing 18,763 reports specifically associated with mirabegron, healthcare professionals notably contributed 2,902 of these reports. A total of 80 preferred terms (PTs) of interest were identified using both the ROR and information component algorithms. The most common AEs included blood pressure increased, urinary retention, atrial fibrillation, dry mouth, and tachycardia, which were consistent with the product instructions. Unexpected significant AEs, such as arrhythmia, palpitations, dementia, transient ischemic attack, Parkinson’s disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis, lip swelling, and swollen tongue, were also identified. The study findings indicated that the majority of onset time occurred within 30 days (n = 358, 55.68%). However, AEs were still possible after 1 year of mirabegron treatment.Conclusion: This study provided valuable evidence for the real-world safety of mirabegron, helping clinical professionals enhance their understanding of mirabegron’s safety in clinical practice. It also contributed valuable evidence for further safety studies on mirabegron.</p

Synthesis and Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Ni(Core)/NiO(Shell) Nanoparticles

A size series of ligand-stabilized Ni nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters between 8−24 nm was prepared by solution chemistry, followed by solution-phase oxidation with atmospheric oxygen at 200 °C to form Ni(core)/NiO(shell) NPs with shell thicknesses of 2−3 nm. In comparison with the oxidation of Fe and Co NPs, Ni NPs require higher temperatures for significant conversion to NiO. Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction show polycrystalline cores with predominantly amorphous shells. SQUID magnetometry measurements were performed to assess the effects of coupling between the ferromagnetic Ni cores and antiferromagnetic NiO shells. After intentional oxidation, the Ni(core)/NiO(shell) NPs have decreased superparamagnetic blocking temperatures (TB) and no exchange shift (HEB), but a small enhancement in the coercivity (HC) signifies weak exchange bias. These effects originate from the amorphous structure of the NiO shells and their thin layer thickness that renders the NiO moments incapable of pinning the core moment in moderate applied fields. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants before and after oxidation approach the value for bulk Ni and depend on the Ni core size and NiO shell thickness

Formation and Grain Analysis of Spin-Cast Magnetic Nanoparticle Monolayers

Ligand-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters of 4−7 nm were spin-cast into monolayers on electron-transparent silicon nitride (SiN) substrates. SiN membranes facilitate detailed high-resolution characterization of the spin-cast monolayers by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and approximate spin-casting onto wafers. Suspending the NPs in hexanes and pretreating the substrate with ultraviolet light and ozone (UVO) gives the best results. Computer-aided analysis of the arrays elucidates their grain structures, including identification of the grain boundaries and defects and measurements of the grain orientations and translational correlation lengths. Narrow NP size distributions result in close-packed arrays with minimal defects and large grains containing thousands of NPs. Edge dislocations, interstitials, vacancies, and overlapping NPs were observed. Deviations from close packing occur as the normalized standard deviation of the sample’s size distribution increases above approximately 11%. Polydisperse size distributions and deviations from spherical NP shapes frustrate assembly and prevent ordered packing

Nickel Phosphide Nanoparticles with Hollow, Solid, and Amorphous Structures

Conversion of unary metal nanoparticles (NPs) upon exposure to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and phophorus precursors usually produces hollow metal oxide, sulfide, selenide, or phosphide NPs through the Kirkendall effect. Here, nanostructural control of mixed-phase Ni2P/Ni12P5 (represented as NixPy) NPs prepared through the thermolysis of nickel acetylacetonate using trioctylphosphine (TOP) as a ligand and phosphorus precursor is reported. The P:Ni molar ratio controls the NP size and is the key factor in determining the nanostructure. For P:Ni molar ratios of 1−3, nickel NPs form below 240 °C and subsequently convert to crystalline-hollow NixPy NPs at 300 °C. For higher P:Ni ratios, a Ni-TOP complex forms that requires higher temperatures for NP growth, thus favoring direct formation of NixPy rather than nickel. Consequently, for P:Ni molar ratios of >9, amorphous-solid NixPy NPs form at 240 °C and become crystalline-solid NixPy NPs at 300 °C. For intermediate P:Ni molar ratios of ∼6, both growth mechanisms result in a mixture of hollow and solid NixPy NPs. Similar results have been obtained using tributylphosphine or triphenylphosphine as the phosphorus source, but trioctylphosphine oxide cannot serve as a phosphorus source

Image_2_Pyolysin of Trueperella pyogenes Induces Pyroptosis and IL-1β Release in Murine Macrophages Through Potassium/NLRP3/Caspase-1/Gasdermin D Pathway.tif

Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen of animals. This organism can cause inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, mastitis and endometritis in hosts. However, the molecular basis for the pro-inflammatory properties of this organism is still largely unknown. In the current study, using murine macrophages as model, the ability of T. pyogenes to induce pyroptosis was first determined. Then, pyolysin (PLO), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin secreted by T. pyogenes, was found to be closely related to T. pyogenes-induced pyroptosis. Next, our work showed that PLO can form pores in the cell membrane, leading to the efflux of potassium (K+), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage. Inhibition of the K+/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway abolished T. pyogenes and PLO-induced IL-1β release. Taken together, these results indicate T. pyogenes-induced inflammation is related to PLO-induced pyroptosis and IL-1β release. Our work shed light on the pathogenesis of T. pyogenes and the interaction between T. pyogenes and hosts’ immune system.</p

Image_1_Pyolysin of Trueperella pyogenes Induces Pyroptosis and IL-1β Release in Murine Macrophages Through Potassium/NLRP3/Caspase-1/Gasdermin D Pathway.tif

Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen of animals. This organism can cause inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, mastitis and endometritis in hosts. However, the molecular basis for the pro-inflammatory properties of this organism is still largely unknown. In the current study, using murine macrophages as model, the ability of T. pyogenes to induce pyroptosis was first determined. Then, pyolysin (PLO), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin secreted by T. pyogenes, was found to be closely related to T. pyogenes-induced pyroptosis. Next, our work showed that PLO can form pores in the cell membrane, leading to the efflux of potassium (K+), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage. Inhibition of the K+/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway abolished T. pyogenes and PLO-induced IL-1β release. Taken together, these results indicate T. pyogenes-induced inflammation is related to PLO-induced pyroptosis and IL-1β release. Our work shed light on the pathogenesis of T. pyogenes and the interaction between T. pyogenes and hosts’ immune system.</p

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Ternary I–III–VI AgInS₂ Nanocrystals: Intrinsic versus Surface States

Ternary I–III–VI AgInS2 (AIS) semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with strong photoluminescence (PL) were synthesized using a one-pot reaction at low temperature. UV–vis absorption and PL spectra red shifted as the AIS NCs grew. Both steady-state and time-resolved PL spectroscopies were used to investigate the influence of surface and intrinsic trap states on the PL behaviors of the prepared AIS NCs. PL lifetimes at different wavelengths in the full spectrum range were measured using a streak camera for each sample toward a systematic kinetic study. We found PL lifetime components that were short-lived from surface states and long-lived from intrinsic states. Surface trap emissions were wavelength- and size-dependent. Besides these PL studies, we report the first measurements using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the exciton dynamics of the AIS NCs. Because of the abundant intrinsic trap states, these ternary AIS NCs have long-lived excitons, which may provide potential applications in photocatalysis and photovoltaics

Readily Prepared Chiral P,N Ligands and Their Applications in Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Additions

A new type of phosphite−pyridine (P,N) ligand derived from (S)-NOBIN and (S)-BINOL was employed in Cu(I)-catalyzed conjugate addition of diethylzinc to chalcones. The new P,N ligands were highly efficient in the copper-catalyzed enantioselective 1,4-conjugate additions of diethylzinc to acyclic enones, and up to 97% ee was achieved