Effect of Sling Exercise Training on Balance in Patients with Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Objective</p><p>This study aims to evaluate the effect of sling exercise training (SET) on balance in patients with stroke.</p><p>Methods</p><p>PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid LWW, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of the effect of SET on balance in patients with stroke. The study design and participants were subjected to metrological analysis. Berg balance Scale (BBS), Barthel index score (BI), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) were used as independent parameters for evaluating balance function, activities of daily living(ADL) and motor function after stroke respectively, and were subjected to meta-analysis by RevMan5.3 software.</p><p>Results</p><p>Nine studies with 460 participants were analyzed. Results of meta-analysis showed that the SET treatment combined with conventional rehabilitation was superior to conventional rehabilitation treatments, with increased degrees of BBS (WMD = 3.81, 95% CI [0.15, 7.48], P = 0.04), BI (WMD = 12.98, 95% CI [8.39, 17.56], P < 0.00001), and FMA (SMD = 0.76, 95% CI [0.41, 1.11], P < 0.0001).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Based on limited evidence from 9 trials, the SET treatment combined with conventional rehabilitation was superior to conventional rehabilitation treatments, with increased degrees of BBS, BI and FMA, So the SET treatment can improvement of balance function after stroke, but the interpretation of our findings is required to be made with caution due to limitations in included trials such as small sample sizes and the risk of bias. Therefore, more multi-center and large-sampled randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its clinical applications.</p></div

Cyclic voltammetry with non-triangular waveforms: Electrochemically reversible systems

Cyclic voltammetry is typically performed using triangular waveforms, however, complications inevitably arise from the discontinuous nature of the differentiated triangular wave: As the capacitive current contributions are proportional to the derivative of the applied electrode potential, the measured current is (at least theoretically) discontinuous, which experimentally manifests in perturbed voltammetric data following minima and maxima in the applied triangular wave that is mostly due to unavoidable parasitic capacitances. We herein investigate voltammetry using alternative waveforms which on the one hand circumvent such difficulties and on the other exhibit unique features in the voltammetric response. We show that these features immediately reveal the formal potential of an investigated reaction that is readily available without any need for further data processing, and enable a new and easy-to-use route to determine formal potentials

Sensitivity analysis results of sling exercise training (SET) compared with conventional rehabilitation alone for FMA.

<p>Sensitivity analysis results of sling exercise training (SET) compared with conventional rehabilitation alone for FMA.</p

Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.

<p>Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.</p

Sensitivity analysis effect of sling exercise training (SET) compared with conventional rehabilitation alone for BBS.

<p>Sensitivity analysis effect of sling exercise training (SET) compared with conventional rehabilitation alone for BBS.</p

Effect of sling exercise training (SET) compared with conventional rehabilitation alone for BI on forest plot.

<p>Effect of sling exercise training (SET) compared with conventional rehabilitation alone for BI on forest plot.</p

Catalytic synthesis of "super" linear alkenyl arenes using a Rh(I) catalyst supported by a "capping arene" ligand: Access to aerobic catalysis

Alkyl and alkenyl arenes are used in a wide range of industrial products including plastics, detergents, fuels and fine chems. However, the synthesis of 1-phenylalkanes (or their unsatd. variants) is not accessible with current industrial routes. Alkyl benzene surfactant precursors are produced from benzene and α-olefins using acid-based catalysis, which primarily results in a distribution of 2- and 3-Ph alkanes. Transition metal mediated hydroarylation of olefins that circumvents the formation of carbocation intermediates is an alternative to acid-based catalysis for alkenyl or alkyl arene synthesis. This process couples olefin insertion into metal-aryl bonds and metal mediated C-H activation. The simple rhodium complex [Rh(µ-OAc)(η^2-C_2H_4)_2]_2 selectively catalyzes oxidative hydroarylation of α-olefins using Cu(II) as the oxidant to generate alkenyl arenes that produce straight-chain 1-aryl alkanes upon hydrogenation. The development of oxidatively resistant ligands that cap and protect the Rh center has overcome the instability of this initial Rh catalyst towards O_2 or reactive Cu-peroxo intermediates. Not only has the longevity of the catalyst been enhanced, but the Cu(II) oxidant can now be recycled in situ. These ligands provide Rh catalysts that can maintain activity for >1 mo with multiple Cu(II) regeneration steps using O_2 and acid, while retaining linear product selectivity and high turnover nos. Also, air can be used as in situ oxidant to give approx. 10,000 catalytic turnovers. Computational modeling has suggested an oxidative addn./reductive elimination pathway for the overall catalytic process

Baseline data.

<p>The P values with “*”were obtained using Fisher’s Exact Test, whereas the rest were the result of independent samples t-test.</p

Consort flow diagram.

<p>Consort flow diagram.</p

Stimulation and scanning pattern.

<p>Stimulation and scanning pattern.</p