Intelligent Initialization and Adaptive Thresholding for Iterative Matrix Completion: Some Statistical and Algorithmic Theory for <i>Adaptive-Impute</i>

Over the past decade, various matrix completion algorithms have been developed. Thresholded singular value decomposition (SVD) is a popular technique in implementing many of them. A sizable number of studies have shown its theoretical and empirical excellence, but choosing the right threshold level still remains as a key empirical difficulty. This article proposes a novel matrix completion algorithm which iterates thresholded SVD with theoretically justified and data-dependent values of thresholding parameters. The estimate of the proposed algorithm enjoys the minimax error rate and shows outstanding empirical performances. The thresholding scheme that we use can be viewed as a solution to a nonconvex optimization problem, understanding of whose theoretical convergence guarantee is known to be limited. We investigate this problem by introducing a simpler algorithm, generalized- softImpute, analyzing its convergence behavior, and connecting it to the proposed algorithm.</p

Enhanced Stability and Bioconjugation of Photo-Cross-Linked Polystyrene-Shell, Au-Core Nanoparticles

Encapsulating Au nanoparticles within a shell of photo-cross-linked block copolymer surfactant dramatically improves the physical and chemical stability of the nanoparticles, particularly when they are applied as bioconjugates. Photo-cross-linkable block copolymer amphiphiles [polystyrene-co-poly(4-vinyl benzophenone)]-block-poly(acrylic acid) [(PS-co-PVBP)-b-PAA] and [poly(styrene)-co-poly(4-vinyl benzophenone)]-block-poly(ethylene oxide) [(PS-co-PVBP)-b-PEO] were assembled around Au nanoparticles ranging from 12 to 108 nm in diameter. UV irradiation cross-linked the PVBP groups on the polymer to yield particles that withstood extremes of temperature, ionic strength, and chemical etching. Streptavidin was attached to [PS-co-PVBP]-b-PAA-coated particles using the same noncovalent and covalent conjugation protocols used to bind biomolecules to divinylbenzene-cross-linked PS microspheres. We expect that these particles will be useful as plasmonic, highly light-scattering and light-absorbing analogs to fluorescently labeled PS nanospheres

Characteristics of study participants by glaucoma status.^*

<p>*Data are means (SEs) or percentages (SEs).</p>†<p>P value for homogeneity of means or proportions comparing participants with to those without glaucoma.</p>‡<p>Values are based on the subsample of participants not taking insulin or medication for diabetes (N = 2,409).</p><p>Characteristics of study participants by glaucoma status.^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112460#nt101" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Additional file 3 of Racial differences in long-term social, physical, and psychological health among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

Additional file 3: Supplement Figure S1. Prevalence of social, physical, and psychological health characteristics in AYA survivors by race/ethnicity. The weighted proportion of AYA survivors by race/ethnicity group in our study. The greatest values were highlighted with red circle. ** Cardiovascular comorbidities: hypertension, stroke, angina/angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia; Non-cardiovascular comorbidities: arthritis, thyroid disease, asthma; Daily limitation: daily activity limitation due to emotional problem

Additional file 2 of Racial differences in long-term social, physical, and psychological health among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

Additional file 2: Supplement Table S2. Prevalence of social, physical, and psychological health characteristics in matched general by race/ethnicity. The weighted proportion and standard error by race/ethnicity group in matched general in our study

Prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities by glaucoma status.^*

<p>*Data are percentages or means (SEs).</p>†<p>P value for homogeneity of means or proportions comparing participants with to those without glaucoma.</p><p>Prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities by glaucoma status.^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112460#nt104" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Adjusted odds ratio for glaucoma by levels of markers of glucose metabolism.

<p>Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 10^th, 50^th, and 90^th percentiles of the distribution of each marker of glucose metabolism. The reference value (odds ratio  = 1) was set at the 10^th percentile of each parameter. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (see text for details).</p

Additional file 1 of Racial differences in long-term social, physical, and psychological health among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

Additional file 1: Supplement Table S1. Prevalence of social, physical, and psychological health characteristics in AYA survivors by race/ethnicity. The weighted proportion and standard error by race/ethnicity group in AYA survivors in our study

Study flow chart of patient inclusions and exclusions.

ICU, intensive care unit; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.</p

Distribution of physical/occupational therapy according to age in Korean intensive care units.

ICU, intensive care unit. Overall p for trend < 0.01.</p