Reduced Fermi Level Pinning at Physisorptive Sites of Moire-MoS₂/Metal Schottky Barriers

Weaker Fermi level pinning (FLP) at the Schottky barriers of 2D semiconductors is electrically desirable as this would allow a minimizing of contact resistances, which presently limit device performances. Existing contacts on MoS2 have a strong FLP with a small pinning factor of only ∼0.1. Here, we show that Moire interfaces can stabilize physisorptive sites at the Schottky barriers with a much weaker interaction without significantly lengthening the bonds. This increases the pinning factor up to ∼0.37 and greatly reduces the n-type Schottky barrier height to ∼0.2 eV for certain metals such as In and Ag, which can have physisorptive sites. This then accounts for the low contact resistance of these metals as seen experimentally. Such physisorptive interfaces can be extended to similar systems to better control SBHs in highly scaled 2D devices

Study of CeO₂ and Its Native Defects by Density Functional Theory with Repulsive Potential

We investigated the native point defects in CeO2 by the density functional theory with repulsive potential (DFT+U) method and by use of a nonlinear core-corrected norm-conserving Ce pseudopotential. We find the neutral oxygen vacancy (VO0) in CeO2 to have a very low formation energy of only 0.39 eV in the O-poor limit. It is a deep donor with negative U behavior, stable only in its neutral and doubly positive states. The anion Frenkel defect is found to be the lowest energy disorder defect, with a formation energy of only 2.08 eV/defect site. These low formation energies arise from the improved transferability of our Ce pseudopotential for its +3 and +4 valence states. The negative U behavior of VO leads to excellent photocatalytic behavior, while the low formation energy of the anion Frenkel defect leads to a superior oxygen storage-and-release capability

Investigation of dissolution rate kinetics of bulk pharmaceutical feed streams within a stirred tank vessel and a twin screw extruder

The introduction of continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals has highlighted the challenging area of continuous dissolution of solids for work ups to flow chemistry systems. In this study, the use of a 16 mm twin screw extruder (TSE) as a platform technology for solid feeds is investigated using four solid pharmaceutical ingredients (PI) in a mixture of water and IPA. In order for comparison, the same experiments were also carried out in a batch traditional stirred tank vessel (STV). The objectives of this work are to gain further scientific understanding on dissolution kinetics and to compare kinetics in both a batch and continuous system. The concentration of each PI during dissolution is monitored using an in-line UV-ATR probe, allowing the extraction of dissolution kinetics. Faster dissolution rates are achieved in the TSE than in the STV due to higher power dissipation generated by the aggressive shear mixing and thermal energy within the TSE. Complete dissolution of paracetamol is obtained within the residence time of the TSE; complete dissolution of benzoic acid and acetylsalicylic acid are achieved at higher barrel temperatures; however full dissolution of nicotinic acid is not achievable in the TSE under the experimental conditions.</p

Quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR comparing expression of IL-13RA2 in canine primary brain tumors.

<p>Elevated expression, relative to normal canine brain cortex, is seen predominantly in high grade glial tumors, essentially mirroring protein expression determined by western blotting. Off scale values are marked with an asterisk and value. MEN – meningioma; AST – astrocytoma; GBM – glioblastoma multiforme; OLIGO – oligodendroglioma.</p

Imunoreactivity of MAbs obtained with immunization using Peptide 3.

<p>Reactivity of MAbs raised against Peptide 3 in ELISA using recombinant IL-13RA2-Fc, <b><i>A</i></b>; and the synthetic Peptide 3, <b><i>B</i></b>. Detection of IL-13RA2, but not of IL-13RA1-Fc with MAbs 1E10B9 and 1E10F9, <b><i>C</i></b>. Immunoreactive IL-13RA2 in Western blot of U-251 MG and T98G cell lysates using MAb 1E10B9, <b><i>D</i></b>. Expression of IL-13RA2 detected by immunohistochemistry using MAb 1E10B9 in human GBM specimens and normal brain, <b><i>E</i></b>, and canine GBMs and normal brain, <b><i>F</i></b>.</p

Immunoreactivity of monoclonal antibodies induced by Peptide 1 and recognition of synthetic and recombinant immunogens.

<p><b><i>A</i></b>, Western blot of U-251 MG and T98G human GBM cell lysates using media of 3G12C3 hybridoma cells. ELISA was conducted using either recombinant IL-13RA2-Fc, <b><i>B</i></b> or the synthetic Peptide 1, <b><i>C</i></b>. </p

Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Growth of Carbon Nanotube Forests

We present a systematic study of the temperature and pressure dependence of the growth rate of vertically aligned small diameter (single- and few-walled) carbon nanotube forests grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition over the temperature range 560−800 °C and 10−5 to 14 mbar partial pressure range, using acetylene as the feedstock and Al2O3-supported Fe nanoparticles as the catalyst. We observe a pressure dependence of P0.6 and activation energies of <1 eV. We interpret this as a growth rate limited by carbon diffusion in the catalyst, preceded by a pre-equilibrium of acetylene dissociation on the catalyst surface. The carbon nanotube forest growth was recorded by high-resolution real-time optical imaging

Imunoreactivity of MAbs obtained with immunization using Peptide 2.

<p>Reactivity of MAbs raised against Peptide 2 in ELISA using recombinant IL-13RA2-Fc, <b><i>A</i></b>; and Peptide 2, <b><i>B</i></b>. Detection of recombinant IL-13RA2, but not of IL-13RA1-Fc with MAbs 6D3E9, 4G9G3 and 3D4G10, The proteins were loaded at 0.5 µg/lane. <b><i>C</i></b>. Immunofluorescence in G48a cells using MAb 6D3E9, <b><i>D</i></b>.</p

Production and testing of canIL-13.E13K and canIL-13.E13K based cytotoxin.

<p>Superimposition of canIL-13 and huIL-13 molecules, (3D reconstruction using JMol), <b><i>A.</i></b> Purified canIL-13.E13K and canIL-13.E13K cytotoxin, (10% SDS-PAGE), <b><i>B</i><i> and </i><i>C</i></b>. Activation of TF-1 cells proliferation by cytokines, <b><i>D</i></b>. Cytotoxicity of canIL-13 cytotoxin and its neutralization on BTCOE 4795 human GBM cells, <b><i>E</i></b>. P<0.015 and <0.007 for differences between the cytokines (in <b><i>D</i></b>) and the cytotoxin killing vs. neutralization with canIL-13.E13K alone (in <b><i>E</i></b>) using an unpaired t-test. Cytotoxicity of canIL-13.E13K cytotoxin on canine GBM G06-A cells, <b><i>F</i></b>. Cytotoxicity of canIL-13.E13K cytotoxin on human GBM established (U-251 MG), <b><i>G</i></b>, and low passage human GBM cells (BTCOE 4795), <b><i>H</i></b>. CTL – control. Vertical bars represent SEM and if not seen, they are smaller than the points.</p

fMRI full experiment 3000 microTesla part 2

fMRI full experiment 3000 microTesla part