Hyperreflective foci on SD-OCT before and after treatment with anti-VEGF.

Foveal centered spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scan image of a patient with DME before (A) and after (B) 3 injections with anti-VEGF. Black arrows indicate hyperreflective foci, within 3000 μm of the fovea (dashed bars).</p

Linear mixed model analysis of the effect of baseline number of HF on baseline values of VA and CRT, and VA and CRT changes.

Linear mixed model analysis of the effect of baseline number of HF on baseline values of VA and CRT, and VA and CRT changes.</p

Differences between before and after treatment with anti-VEGF.

Mean changes in central retinal thickness (A), visual acuity (B) and number of hyperreflective foci (C) at baseline and after 3 injections with anti-VEGF. The bars represent mean ± 95% confidence interval. *P<0.05.</p

Baseline characteristics.

Baseline characteristics.</p

Difference in number of HF at baseline, and change in HF between eyes with adequate response versus insufficient response.

Mean number of HF at baseline in groups based on insufficient and adequate CRT response (A); insufficient and adequate VA response (B); and insufficient and adequate combined CRT + VA response (C). Mean change in number of HF in groups based on insufficient and adequate CRT response (D); insufficient and adequate VA response (E); and insufficient and adequate combined CRT + VA response (F). The distribution of HF in the inner and outer retinal layers is displayed as a percentage. The values represent the odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval and p-value. The odds ratio of adequate response is 1.106, which can be interpreted as an increase, or chance, for adequate response by 10.6% for every HF at baseline; when the number of HF at baseline increases by 10, the chance for adequate response increases exponentially by 1.10610 = 2.74 or 274%. The bars represent mean ± 95% confidence interval and are based on descriptive statistics. *P<0.05.</p

Dataset used for statistical analysis.

(SAV)</p

Risk estimates and risk differences of allele frequencies of AMD-associated SNPs and serum complement activation levels for all AMD grades based on family history.

<p>Risk estimates and risk differences of allele frequencies of AMD-associated SNPs and serum complement activation levels for all AMD grades based on family history.</p

Risk estimates and risk differences of allele frequencies of AMD-associated SNPs and serum complement activation levels for advanced AMD based on family history.

<p>Risk estimates and risk differences of allele frequencies of AMD-associated SNPs and serum complement activation levels for advanced AMD based on family history.</p

Demographics in familial and sporadic individuals.

<p>Demographics in familial and sporadic individuals.</p

Odds ratios for risk variants in <i>ARMS2</i> and <i>CFH</i> and the C3d/C3 ratio for development of AMD split by family history.

<p>The risk variant in <i>ARMS2</i> confers a strong risk for AMD in the sporadic group. In the group with a dense family history there is no effect of this SNP. The <i>CFH</i> Y402H risk allele is associated with AMD in all subgroups, irrespective of family history. In case of a dense family history, the Log C3d/C3 ratio is associated with AMD development. In the subgroups with a mild family history, this effect was not observed. OR = odds ratio; AMD = age-related macular degeneration; Sporadic = negative family history for AMD; Familial = positive family history for AMD; Dense familial = a positive family history for AMD satisfying 1 out of 3 criteria: (1) both parents have (possible) AMD, or (2) one affected parent and at least 25% of number of the sibs are affected, or (3) at least 50% of the number of sibs is affected; Mild familial = a positive family history for AMD but in a lesser extent, not meeting one of the 3 criteria.</p