Table_2_Case report: Rare case of multinodular and vacuolar neuronal tumors in the cerebellum.DOCX

Multinodular and vacuolar neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a rare and benign neuroepithelial tumor. Most reports describe tumors located in the cerebral hemisphere. A literature review found that 15 cases were located in the posterior cranial fossa, but all lacked pathological evidence. In this case, a patient sought medical attention due to insomnia and irritability. Neuroepithelial tumors were found in the imaging, and the patient underwent radiation therapy. Three years later, malignant tumors were found upon imaging examination. After surgical resection and pathological testing, MVNT occurring in the cerebellum was diagnosed. MVNT is rare in the cerebellum, and direct imaging diagnosis becomes difficult after treatment. Therefore, our report of this case helps to further accurate understanding of the imaging, pathological, and molecular genetic changes occurring before and after MVNT treatment, and will improve the accuracy of pre-treatment diagnosis and reduce the likelihood of overtreatment.</p

Table_3_Case report: Rare case of multinodular and vacuolar neuronal tumors in the cerebellum.DOCX

Multinodular and vacuolar neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a rare and benign neuroepithelial tumor. Most reports describe tumors located in the cerebral hemisphere. A literature review found that 15 cases were located in the posterior cranial fossa, but all lacked pathological evidence. In this case, a patient sought medical attention due to insomnia and irritability. Neuroepithelial tumors were found in the imaging, and the patient underwent radiation therapy. Three years later, malignant tumors were found upon imaging examination. After surgical resection and pathological testing, MVNT occurring in the cerebellum was diagnosed. MVNT is rare in the cerebellum, and direct imaging diagnosis becomes difficult after treatment. Therefore, our report of this case helps to further accurate understanding of the imaging, pathological, and molecular genetic changes occurring before and after MVNT treatment, and will improve the accuracy of pre-treatment diagnosis and reduce the likelihood of overtreatment.</p

Table_1_Case report: Rare case of multinodular and vacuolar neuronal tumors in the cerebellum.DOCX

Multinodular and vacuolar neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a rare and benign neuroepithelial tumor. Most reports describe tumors located in the cerebral hemisphere. A literature review found that 15 cases were located in the posterior cranial fossa, but all lacked pathological evidence. In this case, a patient sought medical attention due to insomnia and irritability. Neuroepithelial tumors were found in the imaging, and the patient underwent radiation therapy. Three years later, malignant tumors were found upon imaging examination. After surgical resection and pathological testing, MVNT occurring in the cerebellum was diagnosed. MVNT is rare in the cerebellum, and direct imaging diagnosis becomes difficult after treatment. Therefore, our report of this case helps to further accurate understanding of the imaging, pathological, and molecular genetic changes occurring before and after MVNT treatment, and will improve the accuracy of pre-treatment diagnosis and reduce the likelihood of overtreatment.</p

Additional file 1 of Spatially resolved visualization of reprogrammed metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma by mass spectrometry imaging

Supplementary Material 1: Fig. S1–Fig. S4

Water-Stable Cathode for High Rate Na-Ion Batteries

Most of sodium-layered oxide cathodes are unstable under moisture conditions. As a unique water-stable cathode, Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 (NNM) usually becomes vulnerable to water molecules after element substitution treatment to suppress the Na+ vacancy ordering arrangement, which causes limited Na+ diffusion kinetics. Herein, we show that these issues can be addressed simultaneously by rational designing the transition-metal (TM) layer to achieve both water-stable and Na+ vacancy disordering structures. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the water-stability of the layered oxide cathode can be correlated to the surface adsorption energy of H2O molecules. In the TM layer, the Co/Mn and Fe/Mn units exhibit a much lower adsorption energy than that of the Li/Mn unit, and hence the H2O molecule prefers to be absorbed on Co/Mn and Fe/Mn units rather than Li/Mn. Moreover, the Li/Mn unit in the TM layer can suppress the Na+ vacancy ordering structure in NNM to improve the Na+ diffusion kinetics. As a consequence, the well-designed Na2/3Li1/9Ni5/18Mn2/3O2 cathode can not only maintain its original crystal structure and electrochemical property after water soaking treatment but also exhibit high rate capability (78% capacity retention at 20 C) and excellent cycling stability (87% capacity retention after 1000 cycles)

Solvent Regulation Approach for Preparing Cellulose-Nanocrystal-Reinforced Regenerated Cellulose Fibers and Their Properties

An electrolyte and aprotic solvent mixture were used to prepare cellulose solutions containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). All-cellulose composite fibers were then produced by dry–wet spinning these solutions. The presence of CNC in the all-cellulose fibers was demonstrated, and the effects of the CNC on the fiber properties were investigated. The all-cellulose fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and electronic tensile measurements. These results showed that CNCs were present in the mixture and that their structure was maintained in the all-cellulose fibers. No compatibility problems between the CNC and cellulose II matrix were observed. Introducing CNC enhanced the crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the composite fibers

Insights into Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ Intercalation in Lepidocrocite-Type Layered TiO₂ Structures

A lamellar lepidocrocite-type titanate structure with ∼25% Ti⁴⁺ vacancies was recently synthesized, and it showed potential for use as an electrode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. In addition to lithium, we explore this material’s ability to accommodate other monovalent ions with greater natural abundance (e.g., sodium and potassium) in order to develop lower-cost alternatives to lithium-ion batteries constructed from more widely available elements. Galvanostatic discharge/charge curves for the lepidocrocite material indicate that increasing the ionic radius of the monovalent ion results in a deteriorating performance of the electrode. Using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we identify the relaxed geometries of the structure while varying the placement of the ion in the structure. We then use these geometries to compute the energy of formations. Additionally, we determine that all ions are favorable in the structure, but interlayer positions are preferred compared to vacancy positions. We also conclude that the exchange between the interlayer and vacancy positions is a process that involves the interaction between interlayer water and surface hydroxyl groups next to the titanate layer. We observe a cooperative effect between structural water and OH groups to assist alkali ions to move from the interlayer to the vacancy site. Thus, the as-synthesized lepidocrocite serves as a prototypical structure to investigate the migration mechanism of ions within a confined space along with the interaction between water molecules and the titanate framework

Revisiting the Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mn_2/3O₂ Cathode: Oxygen Redox Chemistry and Oxygen Release Suppression

Sodium layered transition metal oxides have been considered as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries due to their large capacity and high operating voltage. However, mechanism investigations of chemical evolution and capacity failure at high voltage are inadequate. As a representative cathode, Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2, the capacity contribution at a 4.2 V plateau has long been assigned to the redox of the Ni3+/Ni4+ couple, while at the same time it suffers large irreversible capacity loss during the initial discharging process. In this work, we prove that the capacity at the 4.2 V plateau is contributed to the irreversible O2–/O2n–/O2 evolution based on in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculation results. Besides, a phenomenon of oxygen release and subsequent surface lattice densification is observed, which is responsible for the large irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycle. Furthermore, the oxygen release is successfully suppressed by Fe substitution due to the formation of a unique Fe-(O–O) species, which effectively stabilizes the reversibility of the O2–/O2n– redox at high operating voltage. Our findings provide a new understanding of the chemical evolution in layered transition metal oxides at high operating voltage. Increasing the covalency of the TM–O bond has been proven to be effective in suppressing the oxygen release and hence improving the electrochemical performance

Composite of LiFePO₄ with Titanium Phosphate Phases as Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Material

We report the synthesis of LiFePO4 (LFP) battery materials where during synthesis the iron has been substituted by up to 10 mol % with titanium. Analysis of the Ti-substituted materials revealed that at the substitution levels investigated, the Ti did not form a solid solution with the LFP, but rather minority phases containing Ti phosphates were formed and segregated at the nanoscopic scale. The minority phases were amorphous or not well-crystallized and accepted Li on first discharge in a lithium half cell, and solid state NMR spectra were consistent with one of the constituents being LiTi2(PO4)3. The Ti substituted materials had increased electrochemical capacities and discharge voltages relative to LFP prepared in an equivalent process, and the ability to accept Li on first discharge may find utility in using previously inaccessible capacity in battery cathode formulations and in balancing excess capacity from high energy cathode materials

Hybrid Lithographic Arbitrary Patterning of TiO₂ Nanorod Arrays

In this work, we report a hybrid lithographic method that combines the top–down soft lithography and the bottom–up hydrothermal approach for growing single-crystalline TiO2 nanorod arrays with arbitrary patterns. The arbitrary patterns of TiO2 seeds were obtained through the microcontact printing of the TiO2 seed precursor onto Si substrates using prepatterned poly­(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as stamps, followed by a baking process. Afterward, TiO2 nanorod arrays were selectively grown on patterned TiO2 seeds through conventional hydrothermal methods. By controlling the TiO2 seed precursor concentration, the hydrothermal reaction time and temperature and the patterns, the morphology and density of the TiO2 nanorods can be tuned in a controllable manner. Overall, this work provides a new strategy for the low-cost and facile preparation of patterned TiO2 nanorod arrays that has potential applications in micro–nano-optoelectronic devices and other fields