Characterizing the chloroplast genome of <i>Mammillaria elongata</i> DC. 1828 in the Cactaceae family and unveiling its phylogenetic affinities within the genus <i>Mammillaria</i>

With its nearly 200 species, the Mammillaria genus is the most species-rich within the Cactaceae family, yet surprisingly, few of its chloroplast genomes have been studied. We focused on the species Mammillaria elongata DC. 1828, a petite cactus native to Mexico and favored by horticulturists, yet whose phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain due to a lack of genomic data. We extracted the DNA from a sample obtained in China, sequenced it using the NovaSeq 6000 platform, and assembled the chloroplast genome using GetOrganelle software. Our assembly resulted in a chloroplast genome of 110,981 base pairs with an overall GC content of 36.28%, which included 100 genes (95 unique). Notably, several protein-coding genes were absent. Phylogenetic analysis using 59 shared genes across nine Mammillaria species and one Obregonia species revealed that M. elongata and M. gracilis are closely related, suggesting a recent common ancestor and possible shared evolutionary pressures or ecological niches. This study provides crucial genomic data for M. elongata and hints at intriguing phylogenetic relationships within the Mammillaria genus.</p

Additional file 1 of Elucidating the multichromosomal structure within the Brasenia schreberi mitochondrial genome through assembly and analysis

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 1 of Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Viburnum chinshanense

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The full alignment of Sanger sequencing reads. p1, p2, p3, and p4 represent path 1, path 2, path 3 and path 4 respectively

Additional file 1 of Phylogenomic analysis and development of molecular markers for the determination of twelve plum cultivars (Prunus, Rosaceae)

Additional file 1: TableS1. Summary of sequencing data quality. Table S2. Gene composition in the plastomes of twelve plum cultivars. Table S3. Length of introns and exons inthe plastomes of twelve plumcultivars. Table S4. Statistics on simple sequencerepeats (SSRs) in the twelve plastomes. TableS5. The list of accession numbers of the plastome sequences used in thephylogenetic analyses of the Prunus. FigureS1. Genome map of P. salicina ‘Wanshuang plum’ plastome. Figure S2. Genome map of P. salicina ‘Wuyuecui’ plastome. Figure S3. Genome map of P. salicina ‘Oishiwase’ plastome. Figure S4. Genome map of P. simonii 'Weiwang' plastome. Figure S5. Genome map of P. domestica 'Richard Early' plastome. Figure S6. Genome map of P. salicina 'Yinhong plum' plastome. Figure S7. Genome map of P. salicina ' Fengtang plum' plastome. Figure S8. Genome map of P. salicina ' Cuihong plum' plastome. Figure S9. Genome map of P. cerasifera 'Hollywood' plastome. Figure S10. Genome map of P. domestica 'Bingtang plum' plastome. Figure S11. Genome map of P. salicina 'No.2 Guofeng' plastome. Figure S12. Phylogenetic relationshipsof species from Prunus (Rosaceae)inferred using Maximum likelihood (ML) method. Figure S13. The gel electrophoresis results of the amplificationof DNA barcodes using designed primer LZ01. Figure S14. The gel electrophoresis results of the amplification ofDNA barcodes using designed primer LZ02. FigureS15. The gel electrophoresis results of the amplification of DNA barcodesusing designed primer LZ03. Figure S16.The gel electrophoresis results of the amplification of DNA barcodes usingdesigned primer LZ04. Figure S17.The gel electrophoresis results of the amplification of DNA barcodes usingdesigned primer LZ05. Figure S18.The gel electrophoresis results of the amplification of DNA barcodes usingdesigned primer LZ06. Figure S19.The gel electrophoresis results of the amplification of DNA barcodes usingdesigned primer LZ07. Figure S20.The gel electrophoresis results of the amplification of DNA barcodes usingdesigned primer LZ08. Figure S21.The alignment of amplicons produced by designed LZ01 primer. Figure S22. The alignment of ampliconsproduced by designed LZ02 primer. FigureS23. The alignment of amplicons produced by designed LZ03 primer. Figure S24. The alignment of ampliconsproduced by designed LZ04 primer. FigureS25. The alignment of amplicons produced by designed LZ05 primer. Figure S26. The alignment of ampliconsproduced by designed LZ06 primer. FigureS27. The alignment of amplicons produced by designed LZ07 primer. Figure S28. The alignment of ampliconsproduced by designed LZ08 primer

Small Molecule-Modified Hole Transport Layer Targeting Low Turn-On-Voltage, Bright, and Efficient Full-Color Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes

For an organic–inorganic hybrid quantum dot light-emitting diode (QD-LED), enhancing hole injection into the emitter for charge balance is a priority to achieve efficient device performance. Aiming at this, we employ <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-bis­(3-methylphenyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-bis­(phenyl)­benzidine (TPD) as the additional hole transport material which was mixed with poly­(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) to form a composite hole transport layer (HTL) or was employed to construct a TPD/PVK bilayer structure. Enabled by this TPD modification, the green QD-LED (at a wavelength of 515 nm) exhibits a subband gap turn-on voltage of 2.3 V and a highest luminance up to 56 157 cd/m². Meanwhile, such TPD modification is also beneficial to acquire efficient blue and red QD-LEDs. In particular, the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) for these optimized full-color QD-LEDs are 8.62, 9.22, and 13.40%, which are 3–4 times higher than those of their pure PVK-based counterparts. Revealed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the improved electroluminescent efficiency is ascribable to the reductions of recombination resistance and charge-transfer resistance. The prepared QD-LEDs surpass the EQE values achieved in previous reports, considering devices with small-molecule-modified HTLs. This work offers a general but simple and very effective approach to realize the low turn-on-voltage, bright, and efficient full-color QD-LEDs via this solution-processable HTL modification

Potentiation and antagonism of nAChR agonist responses in iPSC neurons.

<p>(A) Representative of FLIPR traces produced with a range of compound B concentrations (0.3 nM—1 μM) in the presence of PNU-120596 (3 μM). Also shown are concentration-response curves for the agonists compound B (circles), epibatidine (triangles) and choline (squares), in the presence of PNU-120596 (3 μM) (B). Responses to compound B (1 μM) in the presence of PNU-120596 (3 μM) were blocked completely in a concentration-dependent manner by the α7-selective antagonist MLA (C). Data are means ± SEM of 3–5 independent experiments.</p

Pharmacological properties of nAChR ligands on iPSC-derived neurons.

<p>Data are means ± SEM of 3–5 independent experiments.</p><p>Pharmacological properties of nAChR ligands on iPSC-derived neurons.</p

Nicotinic agonist-induced responses in iPSC-derived neurons examined by FLIPR.

<p>Representative examples of changes in fluorescence detected in iPSC-derived neurons with a range of concentrations of compound B (10 nM—3 μM; A) and epibatidine (10 nM—3 μM; B). C) and D) Averaged data for agonist induced responses in experiments performed at 4 and 28 days in culture. Data represent average of replicates ± SEM. Co-application of the α7-selective PAM PNU-120596 (3 μM; pre-applied for 60 s) with either compound B (1 μM; E) or epibatidine (1 μM; F) resulted in large fluorescence responses. Data are means ± SEMs from 3 experiments. All values are normalised to a control response to application of KCl (30 mM).</p

Influence of temperature on potentiation of Compound B responses by PNU-120596.

<p>A) Representative FLIPR traces showing the change in fluorescence observed when compound B (1 μM) and PNU-120596 (100 μM) were co-applied to iPSC-derived neurons at room temperature (RT) (closed circles) and at 37°C (open circles). B) Concentration-response relationship of PNU-120596 in the presence of compound B (1 μM) at room temperature (RT) and at 37°C. Data points are means of 4 independent experiments each of which generated paired data from the same batch of cells incubated at two temperatures.</p

Relative Expression of nAChR subunits examined by RT-PCR.

<p>A) Levels of gene expression relative to TBP, using data generated from 10 ng RNA input. The following transcripts were either undetectable or detected only at very low levels at 10 ng input RNA: <i>CHRNA1</i> (encoding the α1 nAChR subunit), <i>CHRNA2</i> (α2), <i>CHRNA9</i> (α9), <i>CHRNA10</i> (α10), <i>CHRNB3</i> (β3), <i>CHRNG</i> (γ), CHRND (δ) and CHRNE (ε). Note, all of the CT values at lower input levels were near 35 or not detected. In contrast, the following transcripts were detected at relatively high levels: <i>CHRNA3-CHRNA7</i> (α3-α7), <i>CHRNB1</i> (β1), <i>CHRNB2</i> (β2), <i>CHRNB4</i> (β4) and the partially duplicated gene B) Agarose gel electrophoresis using PCR products from the 50 ng input.</p