Nanostructured Wire-in-Plate Electrocatalyst for High-Durability Production of Hydrogen and Nitrogen from Alkaline Ammonia Solution

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia provides a potential solution for on-board hydrogen supply for a fuel-cell vehicle. However, the lack of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts restricts its application. Herein, we report a nanostructured catalyst of Cu2O wire-in-Ni­(OH)2 plate passivated by a thin CuO surface, which can stably electrolyze alkaline ammonia solution into hydrogen and nitrogen at a high current density of 80 mA cm–2 at room temperature. The improved performance is ascribed to the peculiar wire-in-plate nanostructure, which not only enhances the catalytic activity via a Ni–Cu synergistic interaction but also protects Cu2O from oxidation and dissolution in the electrolyte

Thermally Induced [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl-Tethered Diazoamides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights

A general and unprecedented thermally induced formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition has been developed that provides a general access to fused lactam derivatives in high to excellent yields with broad substrate scope. In comparison with the reported metal-catalyzed carbene/alkynyl metathesis, this is the only example in this area under catalyst-free conditions with excellent selectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the 3<i>H</i>-pyrazole is the key intermediate in this cascade reaction, which is confirmed spectroscopically for the first time

Thermally Induced [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl-Tethered Diazoamides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights

A general and unprecedented thermally induced formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition has been developed that provides a general access to fused lactam derivatives in high to excellent yields with broad substrate scope. In comparison with the reported metal-catalyzed carbene/alkynyl metathesis, this is the only example in this area under catalyst-free conditions with excellent selectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the 3<i>H</i>-pyrazole is the key intermediate in this cascade reaction, which is confirmed spectroscopically for the first time

Forest plot meta-analyses of studies evaluating the sensitivity of live stiffness measured by TE to predict the overall postoperative complications.

<p>Forest plot meta-analyses of studies evaluating the sensitivity of live stiffness measured by TE to predict the overall postoperative complications.</p

Diagnostic data of each studies evaluating the performance of TE for postoperative complications.

<p>Diagnostic data of each studies evaluating the performance of TE for postoperative complications.</p

Thermally Induced [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl-Tethered Diazoamides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights

A general and unprecedented thermally induced formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition has been developed that provides a general access to fused lactam derivatives in high to excellent yields with broad substrate scope. In comparison with the reported metal-catalyzed carbene/alkynyl metathesis, this is the only example in this area under catalyst-free conditions with excellent selectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the 3<i>H</i>-pyrazole is the key intermediate in this cascade reaction, which is confirmed spectroscopically for the first time

A Novel Method for Measuring Anterior Segment Area of the Eye on Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Images Using Photoshop

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To describe a novel method for quantitative measurement of area parameters in ocular anterior segment ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images using Photoshop software and to assess its intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Twenty healthy volunteers with wide angles and twenty patients with narrow or closed angles were consecutively recruited. UBM images were obtained and analyzed using Photoshop software by two physicians with different-level training on two occasions. Borders of anterior segment structures including cornea, iris, lens, and zonules in the UBM image were semi-automatically defined by the Magnetic Lasso Tool in the Photoshop software according to the pixel contrast and modified by the observers. Anterior chamber area (ACA), posterior chamber area (PCA), iris cross-section area (ICA) and angle recess area (ARA) were drawn and measured. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities of the anterior segment area parameters and scleral spur location were assessed by limits of agreement, coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p>Results</p><p>All of the parameters were successfully measured by Photoshop. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities of ACA, PCA, and ICA were good, with no more than 5% CV and more than 0.95 ICC, while the CVs of ARA were within 20%. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities for defining the spur location were more than 0.97 ICCs. Although the operating times for both observers were less than 3 minutes per image, there was significant difference in the measuring time between two observers with different levels of training (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Measurements of ocular anterior segment areas on UBM images by Photoshop showed good intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilties. The methodology was easy to adopt and effective in measuring.</p></div

Arranging play activities with missing items to increase object-substitution symbolic play in children with autism spectrum disorder

Purpose: Many children with autism spectrum disorder do not have symbolic play skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a training procedure on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of object-substitution symbolic play in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A single-case experimental design (multiple-probe across four behaviors) was used. One girl (5 years) and two boys (4–5 years) participated in this study. The training procedure involved withdrawing necessary items in play activities, supplying multiple substitutes, and providing hierarchical assistive prompts. Each child’s symbolic play responses across baseline, intervention, and follow-up conditions were recorded and graphed. Data analysis involved visual inspection of graphs. Results: The results indicated that the procedure effectively increased and maintained object-substitution symbolic play. Generalization to untaught play activities occurred in all children, and symbolic play increased in the free play setting for one child. Conclusions: Arranging play activities with missing items increased opportunities for children to engage in symbolic play. The training procedure can be used in clinical and educational settings as an initial step to establish and improve complex play behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder who lack such skills.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONMany children with autism spectrum disorder have inappropriate play behaviors and do not demonstrate symbolic play.Arranging play activities with missing items and systematic assistive prompts effectively increased object-substitution symbolic play.Generalization of symbolic play to untrained play activities occurred after the intervention. Many children with autism spectrum disorder have inappropriate play behaviors and do not demonstrate symbolic play. Arranging play activities with missing items and systematic assistive prompts effectively increased object-substitution symbolic play. Generalization of symbolic play to untrained play activities occurred after the intervention.</p

Illustration of the posterior chamber area (PCA), which was defined by the borders of the posterior iris surface, lens zonules, and the posterior border of the lens.

<p>Illustration of the posterior chamber area (PCA), which was defined by the borders of the posterior iris surface, lens zonules, and the posterior border of the lens.</p