Nanostructured Carbon Nitride Polymer-Reinforced Electrolyte To Enable Dendrite-Suppressed Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) containing S, O₂, and fluoride cathodes are attracting increasing attention owing to their much higher energy density than that of Li-ion batteries. However, current limitation for the progress of LMBs mainly comes from the uncontrolled formation and growth of Li dendrites at the anode side. In order to suppress dendrite growth, exploring novel nanostructured electrolyte of high modulus without degradation of Li–electrolyte interface appears to be a potential solution. Here we propose a lightweight polymer-reinforced electrolyte based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) mesoporous microspheres as electrolyte filler [bis­(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) lithium salt/di­(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether mixed with g-C₃N₄, denoted as LiTFSI-DGM-C₃N₄] for the first time. This nanostructured electrolyte can effectively suppress lithium dendrite growth during cycling, benefiting from the high mechanical strength and nanosheet-built hierarchical structure of g-C₃N₄. The Li/Li symmetrical cell based on this slurrylike electrolyte enables long-term cycling of at least 120 cycles with a high capacity of 6 mA·h/cm² and small plating/stripping overpotential of ∼100 mV at a high current density of 2 mA/cm². g-C₃N₄ filling also enables a separator­(Celgard)-free Li/FeS₂ cell with at least 400 cycles. The 3D geometry of g-C₃N₄ shows advantages on interfacial resistance and Li plating/stripping stability compared to its 2D geometry

Origin–destination (OD) of the interprovincial floating population of China

<p>China’s large floating population catalyzes economic development, redistributes the population, and promotes social changes to the social structure, lifestyle patterns, and cultural values. The floating population is a unique group faced with numerous problems stemming from cultural and lifestyle differences. Understanding and visualizing the distributional characteristics and patterns of the floating population is crucial for developing effective social policies. In this study, the origin–destination (OD) map and its adjustment destination–origin (DO) map are used to represent the interprovincial floating population. The OD or DO map can be regarded as a two-level spatial treemap representing the floating population recorded by pairs of locations. In accordance with the different hierarchy of the two-level spatial treemap, the OD and DO are distinguished. The migration volume of the floating population data is represented by the OD and DO maps to find the population’s direction of movement, magnitude, and hot-spots. The migration indicators including migration effectiveness, migration preference indexes, and sex ratios are represented by the OD and DO maps, which assist in to reviewing and studying the deep patterns of floating population.</p

Error rate (%) and correct latency (ms) under different conditions.

<p>Panel (a). The mean direction error rate for prosaccades and antisaccades for younger and older participants. Panel (b). The mean correct latency for prosaccade and antisaccade tasks in the blocked condition and the mixed condition. Panel (c). The mean correct latency for near and far targets for younger and older participants. Error bars denote 1 standard error from the mean.</p

Error rate (%) and correct latency (ms) in each condition for both groups (means ± <i>SD</i>).

<p>Error rate (%) and correct latency (ms) in each condition for both groups (means ± <i>SD</i>).</p

Error rate (%) and correct latency (ms) for switch and repeat trials in the mixed condition (means ± <i>SD</i>).

<p>Error rate (%) and correct latency (ms) for switch and repeat trials in the mixed condition (means ± <i>SD</i>).</p

A schematic of the trial sequence for both experimental conditions.

<p>In the blocked condition the symbolic cue display was irrelevant to the task, whereas in the mixed condition each cue symbol signaled the type of saccade to be executed in the upcoming trial.</p

A Map-Based Service Supporting Different Types of Geographic Knowledge for the Public

<div><p>The internet enables the rapid and easy creation, storage, and transfer of knowledge; however, services that transfer geographic knowledge and facilitate the public understanding of geographic knowledge are still underdeveloped to date. Existing online maps (or atlases) can support limited types of geographic knowledge. In this study, we propose a framework for map-based services to represent and transfer different types of geographic knowledge to the public. A map-based service provides tools to ensure the effective transfer of geographic knowledge. We discuss the types of geographic knowledge that should be represented and transferred to the public, and we propose guidelines and a method to represent various types of knowledge through a map-based service. To facilitate the effective transfer of geographic knowledge, tools such as auxiliary background knowledge and auxiliary map-reading tools are provided through interactions with maps. An experiment conducted to illustrate our idea and to evaluate the usefulness of the map-based service is described; the results demonstrate that the map-based service is useful for transferring different types of geographic knowledge.</p></div

Additional file 1: of Supervision and autonomy of ophthalmology residents in the outpatient Clinic in the United States: a survey of ACGME-accredited programs

Resident Clinic Survey. (PDF 176 kb

Results of two sample <i>t</i>-test on scores of two groups of participants.

<p>Results of two sample <i>t</i>-test on scores of two groups of participants.</p

Scores of the two groups.

<p>Scores of the two groups.</p