Waveforms of the repeated impact SHPB test of granite samples.

Waveforms of the repeated impact SHPB test of granite samples.</p

SHPB device.

A large number of cracks exist in natural rock masses, which significantly affects the stability of surrounding rocks in engineering under impact loading. Repeated impact tests by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar are performed on non-penetrating cracked granite specimens with different prefabricated-crack inclination angles (0, 30, 45, 60, and 90°). The damage evolution law of cracked rock under repeated impact loading is investigated. Macroscopic damage variables considering geometric and mechanical parameters of cracks are proposed. Further, a constitutive model for the impact loading test is developed based on the coupling damage. It has been found that, the impact resistance of fractured rock first decreases and then increases with the increased prefabricated-crack inclination angle. The impact resistance for specimens with an inclination angle of 45° is the minimum. Theoretical results from the developed model agree with the experimental data. The model could well describe the progressive damage characteristics of cracked rock masses.</div

S1 Dataset -

A large number of cracks exist in natural rock masses, which significantly affects the stability of surrounding rocks in engineering under impact loading. Repeated impact tests by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar are performed on non-penetrating cracked granite specimens with different prefabricated-crack inclination angles (0, 30, 45, 60, and 90°). The damage evolution law of cracked rock under repeated impact loading is investigated. Macroscopic damage variables considering geometric and mechanical parameters of cracks are proposed. Further, a constitutive model for the impact loading test is developed based on the coupling damage. It has been found that, the impact resistance of fractured rock first decreases and then increases with the increased prefabricated-crack inclination angle. The impact resistance for specimens with an inclination angle of 45° is the minimum. Theoretical results from the developed model agree with the experimental data. The model could well describe the progressive damage characteristics of cracked rock masses.</div

Effects of Oxide Contact Layer on the Preparation and Properties of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ for Perovskite Solar Cell Application

In perovskite solar cells, oxide electron transport layers (ETL) and their interface with the organometal trihalides are key to achieve efficient and stable devices. In the present work we investigate ZnO and TiO₂ ETLs and their influence on the preparation of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film by two different techniques. In the “one-step” technique, a solution is used for the deposition of a precursor layer which is dripped and subsequently annealed. In the “two-step” sequential technique, a PbI₂ precursor layer is converted into perovskite. We show that, on ZnO, the annealing treatment of the “one-step” deposited layer is optimum for a duration time of only 2 min. This duration is much less critical for the TiO₂ underlayer. Long annealing times produce the degradation of the pigment and formation of PbI₂. It is also shown that the “one-step” technique gives better results for the sensitization of smooth oxide underlayers whereas the “two-step” one must be utilized for rough or structured underlayer sensitization. The best solar cell performances were achieved by combining a low-overvoltage electrodeposited ZnO layer, a planar architecture, and a perovskite layer prepared by a “one-step” deposition-dripping route. A maximum overall conversion efficiency of 15% was measured for the ZnO-based perovskite solar cell. Cell impedance spectra have been measured over a large applied voltage range. Their analysis, using an ad-hoc equivalent circuit, shows that charge recombinations are reduced for the “one-step” perovskite and that a better interface with the oxide is produced in that case

Quantitative Detection of OH Radicals for Investigating the Reaction Mechanism of Various Visible-Light TiO₂ Photocatalysts in Aqueous Suspension

The reaction mechanism of visible-light responsive photocatalysts was explored by analyzing OH radicals (^•OH) quantitatively by means of a coumarin fluorescence probe method. The photocatalysts investigated were various modified TiO₂, i.e., nitrogen-doped, Pt-complex-deposited, Fe­(III)-grafted, and Fe­(III)-grafted Ru-doped TiO₂. The formation rate of ^•OH was measured to calculate the ^•OH quantum yield from the absorbed intensity of 470 nm LED light. The highest quantum yield was obtained for Fe­(III)-grafted Ru-doped TiO₂. The ^•OH yield was increased on the addition of H₂O₂ for the Fe­(III)-grafted TiO₂, indicating that H₂O₂ is supposedly a reaction intermediate for producing ^•OH. The photocatalytic activity for each sample was obtained by measuring CO₂ generation rate on the acetaldehyde decomposition in an aqueous suspension system and then it was compared with the ^•OH formation rate. Although the CO₂ generation rate is positively correlated with the ^•OH formation rate for each photocatalyst, the values of CO₂ generation were extremely larger than those of ^•OH. This finding indicates that the oxidation reaction takes place dominantly with surface trapped holes which probably exchange with the ^•OH in solution

Additional file 1: Table S1 of Pan-cancer analysis of frequent DNA co-methylation patterns reveals consistent epigenetic landscape changes in multiple cancers

Frequent co-methylation clusters. Table S2. Cross-check of known tumor suppressor with corresponding cancer co-methylation clusters. The numbers indicate the overlaps between co-methylated clusters and known tumor suppressor in each corresponding cancer type. Freq ≥ 9 genes were obtained from combined co-methylated clusters from all 17 cancer datasets and extracted the genes appeared in over 9 datasets. Figure S1. Protein-protein network query on STRING database for Cluster 1 genes. (DOCX 375 kb

sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X231221082 – Supplemental material for How to influence food waste behaviour of urban residents? The combined effect of network embeddedness and incentive measures

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X231221082 for How to influence food waste behaviour of urban residents? The combined effect of network embeddedness and incentive measures by Xiu Cheng, Jie Zhang and Linling Zhang in Waste Management & Research</p

sj-docx-2-wmr-10.1177_0734242X231221082 – Supplemental material for How to influence food waste behaviour of urban residents? The combined effect of network embeddedness and incentive measures

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-wmr-10.1177_0734242X231221082 for How to influence food waste behaviour of urban residents? The combined effect of network embeddedness and incentive measures by Xiu Cheng, Jie Zhang and Linling Zhang in Waste Management & Research</p

Site-Resolved Structural Energetics of the T7 Concatemer Junction

The concatemer junction is a conserved sequence of 8 bp, which is strategically located at the junction between the head-to-tail repeats of genomic DNA in T7 and related bacteriophages. The RNA polymerase pauses at this site to recruit the machinery necessary for cleavage of the concatemer into single genome DNA. During pausing, the transcription bubble collapses and the transcription RNA–DNA hybrid is shortened to only 3 bp. This work addresses the question of the role of the nucleic acid components of the transcription elongation complex in this collapse of the transcription bubble. The nucleic acid structures investigated are the DNA–DNA duplex structure present at the concatemer junction when the DNA is not transcribed and the RNA–DNA hybrid formed when the concatemer junction is transcribed. The structural energetics of each base pair in the two structures is characterized using imino proton exchange and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that 5 bp in the DNA–DNA duplex at the concatemer junction site are significantly more stable than the corresponding base pairs in the RNA–DNA hybrid that forms when the site is transcribed. Because of their energetic preference for the DNA–DNA duplex, these 5 bp favor the collapse of the transcription bubble. Four of the 5 bp with enhanced stability in the DNA–DNA duplex are located in the downstream half of the concatemer junction site. This location suggests that only after the entire concatemer junction is transcribed can the RNA–DNA hybrid accumulate sufficient structural destabilization to trigger the dissociation of the RNA and the switch of the DNA template strand from the hybrid structure to the DNA–DNA double-helical structure

Facile Construction of Yttrium Pentasulfides from Yttrium Alkyl Precursors: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Reactivity

Treatment of the yttrium dialkyl complex Tp^Me2Y­(CH₂Ph)₂­(THF) (Tp^Me2 = tri­(3,5 dimethylpyrazolyl)­borate, THF = tetrahydrofuran) with S₈ in a 1:1 molar ratio in THF at room temperature afforded a yttrium pentasulfide Tp^Me2Y­(κ₄-S₅) (THF) (<b>1</b>) in 93% yield. The yttrium monoalkyl complex Tp^Me2CpYCH₂Ph­(THF) reacted with S₈ in a 1:0.5 molar ratio under the same conditions to give another yttrium pentasulfide [(Tp^Me2)₂Y]⁺­[Cp₂Y­(κ₄-S₅)]⁻ (<b>10</b>) in low yield. Further investigations indicated that the S₅^2– anion facilely turned into the corresponding thioethers or organic disulfides, and released the redundant S₈, when it reacted with some electrophilic reagents. The mechanism for the formation of the S₅^2– ligand has been investigated by the controlling of the reaction stoichiometric ratios and the stepwise reactions