Effect of preoperative moderate-dose statin and duration on acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study

The impact of preoperative statin use on postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is uncertain. We aimed to examine the association of statin therapy before cardiac surgery with postoperative AKI. The retrospective cohort study consisted of 1581 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Postoperative AKI were identified by the modified KDIGO definition. Propensity-score matching was employed to control for selection bias, and logistic regression was used to control for confounders. Subgroup and interaction analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the findings. The overall incidence of postoperative AKI and severe AKI were 42.19% and 12.27%, respectively. Preoperative moderate-dose statin was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative AKI (28.9% vs 43.0%, OR (95%CI): 0.54 (0.38, 0.77), P Preoperative moderate-dose statin was significantly related to a decreased risk of postoperative AKI, especially in patients who received statins for a longer duration. Further large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to ascertain the impact of statin dose, duration, and timing on postoperative AKI in cardiac surgery patients.</p

Additional file 1 of Interpretable machine learning models for early prediction of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

Supplementary Material

Understanding the Effects of the Low-Concentration Electrolyte on the Performance of High-Energy-Density Li-S Batteries

High-energy-density Li-S batteries have been impeded by low power rate and low sulfur utilization of high-sulfur-loading cathode and unstable Li metal anode. Herein, a new method protocol was proposed to separately investigate the effects of low-concentration electrolytes on the cathode and the anode for Li-S batteries. It was found that 0.5 M LiTFSI showed better cycling stability than the standard concentration of 1.0 M LiTFSI under the condition of high sulfur loading due to its better wettability toward the electrode. In addition, the low-concentration electrolyte could improve the stability of the Li-electrolyte interface, which was attributable to a higher content of the organic component in the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), owing to the participation of more solvent in the buildup of the SEI. The flexible and elastic organic components could be more capable of accommodating the volume changes in the Li metal anode. Consequently, the low-concentration electrolyte could be more suitable for high-energy-density Li-S batteries. We anticipate this research could provide some inspirations for the development of high-energy-density and low-cost Li-S batteries

Li₂S-Based Li-Ion Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects

The great demand for high-energy-density batteries has driven intensive research on the Li–S battery due to its high theoretical energy density. Consequently, considerable progress in Li–S batteries is achieved, although the lithium anode material is still challenging in terms of lithium dendrites and its unstable interface with electrolyte, impeding the practical application of the Li–S battery. Li S-based Li-ion sulfur batteries (LISBs), which employ lithium-metal-free anodes, are a convenient and effective way to avoid the use of lithium metal for the realization of practical Li–S batteries. Over the past decade, studies on LISBs are carried out to optimize their performance. Herein, the research progress and challenges of LISBs are reviewed. Several important aspects of LISBs, including their working principle, the physicochemical properties of Li S, Li S cathode material composites, LISBs full batteries, and electrolyte for Li S cathode, are extensively discussed. In particular, the activation barrier in the initial charge process is fundamentally analyzed and the mechanism is discussed in detail, based on previous reports. Finally, perspectives on the future direction of the research of LISBs are proposed. 2 2 2

Additional file 1 of Prediction of all-cause mortality in coronary artery disease patients with atrial fibrillation based on machine learning models

Additional file 1. Sample size and reproducibility analysis

Tuning NaO₂ formation and decomposition routes with nitrogen-doped nanofibers for low overpotential Na-O₂ batteries

Na-O batteries have drawn increasing attention in recent years, owing to their high energy density and the abundance of sodium resources. Their applications still suffer, however, from lack of effective air cathodes to achieve a stable and long cycle life. Herein, we report a nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber (NCF) material derived from polypyrrole as air cathode for the non-aqueous Na-O electrochemical system. Notably, Na-O batteries with NCF as air cathode could achieve a low overpotential gap of 500 mV, a high specific capacity of 8554.7 mA h g at 100 mA g , and excellent cyclic stability over 90 cycles with NaO as the discharge product. These excellent performances can be attributed to the combination of their highly conductive three-dimensional network structure, large surface area, and superior catalytic activity, obtained by incorporating nitrogen atoms into the carbon matrix, which can facilitate electron transportation, oxygen and electrolyte diffusion, and discharge product deposition and decomposition. Besides, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that pyrrolic and pyridinic-N doping can effectively optimize the surface adsorption energy of the reactants and intermediate, which facilitate to achieve excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. The results reported here can point the way to the rational design of electrocatalytic air cathodes for rechargeable Na-O batteries. 2 2 2 2 2 −1 −

Enhanced Rate Performance of Al-Doped Li-Rich Layered Cathode Material via Nucleation and Post-solvothermal Method

Al-doped layered cathode materials Li_{1.5–<i>x</i>}Al_<i>x</i>Mn_0.675Ni_0.1675Co_0.1675O₂ have been successfully synthesized via a rapid nucleation and post-solvothermal method. The surface morphology and crystal structures of Al-doped Li-rich materials are investigated via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After optimization, the Li_1.45Al_0.05Mn_0.675Ni_0.1675Co_0.1675O₂ (Al = 0.05) sample showed excellent electrochemical performance, and the discharge capacities are 323.7 and 120 mAh g^–1 at a rate of 0.1 and 20 C, respectively. These improvements, based on electrochemical performance evaluation and density functional theory calculations, might be ascribed to the increased electron conductivity of layered Li-rich material via Al³⁺ ions doped into a crystal structure

sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221148905 - Supplemental material for Prevalence and management of hypertension in Central China: a cross-sectional survey

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221148905 for Prevalence and management of hypertension in Central China: a cross-sectional survey by Wenlu Xing, Shan Wang, Xinyun Liu, Jicheng Jiang, Qiuping Zhao, Yuming Wang, You Zhang and Chuanyu Gao in Journal of International Medical Research</p

Good Low-Temperature Properties of Nitrogen-Enriched Porous Carbon as Sulfur Hosts for High-Performance Li–S Batteries

Despite the increased attention devoted to exploring cathode construction based on various nitrogen-enriched carbon scaffolds at room temperature, the low-temperature behaviors of Li–S cathodes have yet to be studied. Herein, we demonstrate the good low-temperature electrochemical performances of nitrogen-enriched carbon/sulfur composite cathodes. Electrochemical evaluation indicates that a reversible capacity of 368 mAh g^–1 (0.5 C) over 100 cycles is achieved at −20 °C. After returning to 25 °C, a capacity of 620 mAh g^–1 (0.5 C) is achieved over 350 cycles with a low-capacity attenuation rate (0.071% per cycle) and an initial capacity of 1151 mAh g^–1 (0.1C). This positive electrochemical property was speculated to result from the good surface chemistry of the various amine groups in the nitrogen-enriched carbon materials with enhanced polysulfide immobilization

Accelerated Polysulfide Redox in Binder-Free Li2S Cathodes Promises High-Energy-Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Challenges from the insulating S and Li2S2/Li2S (Li2S1–2) discharge products are restricting the development of the high-energy-density Li–S battery system. The deposition of insulating Li2S1–2 on the surfaces of S based cathodes (e.g., S and Li2S) limits the reaction kinetics, leading to inferior electrochemical performance. In this work, the impact of binders on the deposition of Li2S1–2 on S based cathodes is revealed, along with the interaction between polyvinylidene difluoride and Li2S/polysulfides. This interaction can obstruct the electrochemical reactions near the binder, leading to dense deposition of insulating Li2S1–2 that covers the cathode surface. Without such a binder, localized and uniform Li2S1–2 deposition throughout the whole cathode can be achieved, effectively avoiding surface blockage and significantly improving electrode utilization. A full battery constructed with a binder-free Li2S cathode delivers a gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 331.0 Wh kg−1 and 281.5 Wh L−1, under ultrahigh Li2S loading (16.2 mgLi2S cm−2) with lean electrolyte (2.0 µL mgLi2S−1), providing a facile but practical approach to the design of next-generation S-based batteries