Dynamic Mass Transfer of Hemoglobin at the Aqueous/Ionic-Liquid Interface Monitored with Liquid Core Optical Waveguide

Protein transfer from aqueous medium into ionic liquid is an important approach for the isolation of proteins of interest from complex biological samples. We hereby report a solid-cladding/liquid-core/liquid-cladding sandwich optical waveguide system for the purpose of monitoring the dynamic mass-transfer behaviors of hemoglobin (Hb) at the aqueous/ionic liquid interface. The optical waveguide system is fabricated by using a hydrophobic IL (1,3-dibutylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BBimPF₆) as the core, and protein solution as one of the cladding layer. UV–vis spectra are recorded with a CCD spectrophotometer via optical fibers. The recorded spectra suggest that the mass transfer of Hb molecules between the aqueous and ionic liquid media involve accumulation of Hb on the aqueous/IL interface followed by dynamic extraction/transfer of Hb into the ionic liquid phase. A part of Hb molecules remain at the interface even after the accomplishment of the extraction/transfer process. Further investigations indicate that the mass transfer of Hb from aqueous medium into the ionic liquid phase is mainly driven by the coordination interaction between heme group of Hb and the cationic moiety of ionic liquid, for example, imidazolium cation in this particular case. In addition, hydrophobic interactions also contribute to the transfer of Hb

Additional file 1: of Relationship between serum uric acid level and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese community elderly

Appendix Tables (appendix Table S1 and S2). Multiple linear and logistic regression of SUA level for MMSE score and MCI prevalence for participants without cerebral vascular disease or without kidney diseases. We ascertained the association of SUA level with MMSE score and MCI prevalence in the sensitivity analysis (Appendix Table S1 and S2). When participants with cerebral vascular disease (n = 267, 12.7%) and kidney disease (n = 105, 5.0%) were excluded, the βs and ORs were similar with that in the Table 4 (all participants). (DOC 62 kb

Selective Adsorption and Efficient Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Medium with Graphene–Lanthanum Composite

A three-dimensional adsorbent, i.e., lanthanum oxide decorated graphene composite (3D graphene–La₂O₃ composite), is prepared. The composite exhibits favorable adsorption performance to phosphate, providing a sorption capacity of 82.6 mg g^–1 at pH 6.2. The adsorption behavior for phosphate fits the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics fit a pseudo-second-order model, with rate constants of 0.1847 and 0.007 969 g mg^–1 min^–1 at phosphate concentrations of 35 and 142 mg L^–1, respectively. For the removal of 25 mg L^–1 phosphate in 1.0 mL aqueous medium, the commonly encountered anionic species in waters, e.g., Cl^–, SO₄^2–, and NO₃^–, pose no interfering effect at 8000 mg L^–1, providing a favorable removal efficiency of 100% by 2.0 mg of composite. When 142 mg L^–1 phosphate solution is treated, 100% and >80% adsorption efficiencies are achieved respectively in the presence of 1000 and 8000 mg L^–1 of Cl^–, SO₄^2–, and NO₃^–. The high tolerance capacity against coexisting anionic species by the graphene–La₂O₃ composite makes it suitable for water cleanup by selective and fast adsorption/removal of phosphate

The Early Devonian Xitun Vertebrate Fauna in South China inhabited a shallow marine environment with changing salinity

Supplementary table B

The Early Devonian Xitun Vertebrate Fauna in South China inhabited a shallow marine environment with changing salinity

Supplementary table C

The Early Devonian Xitun Vertebrate Fauna in South China inhabited a shallow marine environment with changing salinity

Supplementary table A

Run-off flows released between the Yingluoxia and Zhengyixia hydrological stations and the available surface water resources in the middle reaches of the HRB from 1990 to 2011.

<p>Run-off flows released between the Yingluoxia and Zhengyixia hydrological stations and the available surface water resources in the middle reaches of the HRB from 1990 to 2011.</p

Description of the land use/cover classification system used in this study.

<p>Description of the land use/cover classification system used in this study.</p

Maps of land use/cover in the study area over 2000–2011 (case 1 was a typical example of land use/cover change driven by migrants).

<p>Maps of land use/cover in the study area over 2000–2011 (case 1 was a typical example of land use/cover change driven by migrants).</p

Average change in the groundwater level at 42 observation wells in the middle reaches of the HRB.

<p>The red line indicates trends over the past ten years.</p