The harmonic spectra with four CEPs of 0 (green), 0.5π (blue), π (red) and 1.5π (grey) in the (a) inhomogeneous and (b) homogeneous fields

<p><strong>Figure 7.</strong> The harmonic spectra with four CEPs of 0 (green), 0.5π (blue), π (red) and 1.5π (grey) in the (a) inhomogeneous and (b) homogeneous fields. Other parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f1" target="_blank">1</a>.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The harmonic spectra with three spatially inhomogeneous parameters of (a) 0.003, (b) 0.005 and (c) 0.008

<p><strong>Figure 4.</strong> The harmonic spectra with three spatially inhomogeneous parameters of (a) 0.003, (b) 0.005 and (c) 0.008. Other parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f2" target="_blank">2</a>(b).</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The classical ionization (blue dots) and recombination (red circles) paths for CEP = 1.5π in the (a) homogeneous and (b) inhomogeneous fields

<p><strong>Figure 8.</strong> The classical ionization (blue dots) and recombination (red circles) paths for CEP = 1.5π in the (a) homogeneous and (b) inhomogeneous fields. Other parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f3" target="_blank">3</a>.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The attosecond pulses from (a) 500th to 700th and (b) 700th to 900th as functions of CEP and time

<p><strong>Figure 9.</strong> The attosecond pulses from (a) 500th to 700th and (b) 700th to 900th as functions of CEP and time. The parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f2" target="_blank">2</a>(b).</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The time-frequency distributions in the cases of (a) the homogeneous field (b) and the inhomogeneous field with ε = 0.005

<p><strong>Figure 2.</strong> The time-frequency distributions in the cases of (a) the homogeneous field (b) and the inhomogeneous field with ε = 0.005. The parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f1" target="_blank">1</a>.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The classical ionization (blue dots) and recombination (red circles) paths in inhomogeneous fields with (a) ε = 0.003 and (b) ε = 0.008

<p><strong>Figure 5.</strong> The classical ionization (blue dots) and recombination (red circles) paths in inhomogeneous fields with (a) ε = 0.003 and (b) ε = 0.008. Other parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f2" target="_blank">2</a>(b).</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The classical ionization (blue dots) and recombination (red circles) paths in the cases of (a) the homogeneous field (b) and the inhomogeneous field with ε = 0.005

<p><strong>Figure 3.</strong> The classical ionization (blue dots) and recombination (red circles) paths in the cases of (a) the homogeneous field (b) and the inhomogeneous field with ε = 0.005. The parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f1" target="_blank">1</a>.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The HHG spectra in the cases of the homogeneous field (green curve) and the inhomogeneous field with ε = 0.005 (red curve)

<p><strong>Figure 1.</strong> The HHG spectra in the cases of the homogeneous field (green curve) and the inhomogeneous field with ε = 0.005 (red curve). The driving intensity, wavelength and CEP are 3 <b>×</b> 10¹⁴ W cm⁻², 2000 nm and 0.5π, respectively.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

The temporal envelopes of the attosecond pulses by synthesizing the harmonics of (a) 450th–600th, 600th–750th and 750th–900th, and (b) the pulse from 650th to 900th and its phase

<p><strong>Figure 6.</strong> The temporal envelopes of the attosecond pulses by synthesizing the harmonics of (a) 450th–600th, 600th–750th and 750th–900th, and (b) the pulse from 650th to 900th and its phase. The parameters are the same as those in figure <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-4075/46/14/145602/article#jpb469287f2" target="_blank">2</a>(b).</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation in a spatially inhomogeneous field with mid-infrared driving wavelength and few-cycle duration. It is found that this spatiotemporally synthesized electric field is powerful to control the quantum path; as a result an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with bandwidth over 300 eV can be obtained successfully. Important characteristics of the attosecond pulse generation, including temporal envelope, harmonic chirp and carrier–envelope phase (CEP) dependence are further discussed. The results show that close-to-Fourier-limit 27 as isolated pulses are straightforwardly filtered from the supercontinuum. Moreover, such short isolated attosecond pulses can be supported by nearly all the CEPs of the laser electric field. This would open a way to obtain broadband isolated attosecond pulses with no need of CEP stabilization of the laser field.</p

Video2_Primary Repair for Treating Acute Proximal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: A Histological Analysis and Prospective Clinical Trial.WMV

Reconstruction surgery for acute proximal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears remains controversial. Recently, ACL primary repair has received increasing attention in ACL treatment. This study aimed to explore the histological characteristics of ACL healing in primary repair and compare its therapeutic and prognostic results with the reconstruction of acute proximal ACL tears. Histological experiments using rabbits and a prospective clinical trial were conducted. We established a rabbit model of ACL primary repair, and histological changes were observed using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and toluidine blue staining. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of CD34 and S-100 and measured the expression of collagen I and II using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The prospective clinical trial involved performing ACL primary repair and reconstruction in patients with acute proximal ACL tears to detect proprioception and evaluate the function of joints. We discovered that primary repair promoted cell proliferation in the tendon-bone transition and ligament portions, reduced osteoarthritis-like pathological changes, and maintained blood vessels and proprioceptors within the ACL. In the clinical trial, primary repair achieved similar therapeutic outcomes, including recovery of knee function and proprioception, in the follow-up period as ACL reconstruction. However, the primary repair had a significantly shorter operative time and lower cost than reconstruction. Therefore, doctors should consider the benefit of primary repair in treating acute proximal ACL tears.</p