Rainfall pattern.

Rainfall pattern.</p

Concentration and synthetic additive of the testing water.

Concentration and synthetic additive of the testing water.</p

Influent volume schedule for continuous operation.

Influent volume schedule for continuous operation.</p

Calculation of water volume.

<p>Calculation of water volume.</p

Test equipment and profile figure of bioretention tank.

(a) Test equipment. (b) Profile figure.</p

Experimental study and simulation of phosphorus purification effects of bioretention systems on urban surface runoff

<div><p>Excessive phosphorus (P) contributes to eutrophication by degrading water quality and limiting human use of water resources. Identifying economic and convenient methods to control soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) pollution in urban runoff is the key point of rainwater management strategies. Through three series of different tests involving influencing factors, continuous operation and intermittent operation, this study explored the purification effects of bioretention tanks under different experimental conditions, it included nine intermittent tests, single field continuous test with three groups of different fillers (Fly ash mixed with sand, Blast furnace slag, and Soil), and eight intermittent tests with single filler (Blast furnace slag mixed with sand). Among the three filler combinations studied, the filler with fly ash mixed with sand achieved the best pollution reduction efficiency. The setting of the submerged zone exerted minimal influence on the P removal of the three filler combinations. An extension of the dry period slightly promoted the P purification effect. The combination of fly ash mixed with sand demonstrated a positive purification effect on SRP during short- or long-term simulated rainfall duration. Blast furnace slag also presented a positive purification effect in the short term, although its continuous purification effect on SRP was poor in the long term. The purification abilities of soil in the short and long terms were weak. Under intermittent operations across different seasons, SRP removal was unstable, and effluent concentration processes were different. The purification effect of the bioretention system on SRP was predicted through partial least squares regression (PLS) modeling analysis. The event mean concentration removal of SRP was positively related to the adsorption capacity of filler and rainfall interval time and negatively related to submerged zones, influent concentration and volume.</p></div

Test for influencing factors.

<p>Test for influencing factors.</p

Adsorption isotherm.

<p>(a) Fly ash mixing sand Langmuir. (b) Fly ash mixing sand Freundlich. (c) Blast furnace slag Langmuir. (d) Blast furnace slag Freundlich. (e) Soil Langmuir. (f) Soil Freundlich.</p

Model fitting parameters and measured values.

Model fitting parameters and measured values.</p

Exhaustion test result.

<p>(a) Fly ash mixed with sand (#7). (b) Blast furnace slag (#8). (c) Soil (#10).</p