An Atomic-Level Mechanism of Annealing Twinning in Copper Observed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The current experimental methods are not able to reveal the actual processes of atomic movements during twinning and thus are incapable of clarifying the underlying mechanisms of annealing twinning, which are still not clear at present. We developed a method of molecular dynamics simulation to study the mechanism of annealing twinning in copper at an atomic-level. The simulation revealed that a annealing twin can be developed quickly from a pair of grains with Σ3 misorientation interfaced by a (5̅1̅1̅)/(1̅11) asymmetric boundary. The twinning proceeds by a mechanism in which every three adjacent (5̅1̅1̅) atomic layers merge into a (1̅1̅1̅) layer in the (5̅1̅1̅) side, while the atomic arrangement in the (1̅11) side remains unchanged. Such twinning takes place readily upon annealing at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1300 K, without requiring any extra driving force, indicating that annealing twinning in copper is indeed a thermally activated process with an activation energy estimated to be 0.1 eV. Similar annealing twinning is also observed in another two pairs of grains with Σ3 misorientation interfaced by (8̅22)/(022) and (2̅44)/(2̅00) asymmetric boundaries, respectively, yet their twinning rates are much slower than that of the (5̅1̅1̅)/(1̅11) grain pair, suggesting a different mechanism governing the process. The simulation also suggested that annealing twinning may involve two separate steps of which one is the formation of grain pairs with Σ3 misorientation and the other is the fine-tuning through which the grain pairs with Σ3 misorientation are converted into ideal annealing twins, which can grow larger with grain growth

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications

Underwater Superoleophobic and Underoil Superhydrophilic Copper Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (HKUST-1) Mesh for Self-Cleaning and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

Surfaces with underoil superhydrophilic (UOSHL) and underwater superoleophobic (UWOHB) have great potential for on-demand emulsion separation. However, the fabrication of underoil superhydrophilic based on wetting thermodynamic principles is quite challenging. Several previous studies have shown that some sarcocarps are able to spontaneously absorb water to moisturize themselves and have a unique UOSHL ability. By mimicking this unique ability of the sarcocarp, an outstanding UWOHB and UOSHL membrane was prepared. We choose 2300 mesh stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate, then grow Cu and Cu(OH)2 on SSM by a simple electrochemical method, and finally grow HKUST-1 crystals via a fast in situ growth method. The whole preparation process is simple, low cost, and does not require complex and long-term hydrothermal reactions. By growing HKUST-1 crystals, the prepared surface successfully achieved the required UOSHL and UWOHB properties. When the water droplets come into contact with the membrane under n-hexane, it will diffuse and can completely spread out in 2 s. The as-prepared membrane exhibits outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties for rapeseed oil and crude oil with high viscosity underwater due to the special wetting. By prewetting the surface with an appropriate amount of the dispersion medium, it can rapidly and efficiently on-demand separate different emulsions. The separation efficiencies of water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions are above 99.00 and 97.00%. With their outstanding performance in self-cleaning, on-demand emulsion separation, low cost, and fast preparation, the as-prepared UOSHL and UWOHB HKUST-1 meshes show excellent potential for treating oily wastewater in practical applications