Geographic location of the BRI countries.

Geographic location of the BRI countries.</p

S1 Data -

(XLS)</p

Obstacle factor and obstacle degree of integrated economic system of the BRI countries.

Obstacle factor and obstacle degree of integrated economic system of the BRI countries.</p

Values of EESV, FSV, DESV and CESV of each BRI country.

Values of EESV, FSV, DESV and CESV of each BRI country.</p

Hotspot analysis of CESV of the BRI countries.

Hotspot analysis of CESV of the BRI countries.</p

Co- and V₂O₃‑Modified Ni-Based Nanocatalyst for 5‑Hydroxymethylfurfural Electrooxidation

The electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) provides a prospective method to produce high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Since this multistep process includes the oxidation of aldehyde and hydroxyl groups, a deep understanding of the mechanism of HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR) is crucial. Herein, the surface reconstruction of the nickel-based catalyst is regulated by Co and V2O3 modifications to reveal the relationship between the reconstructed surface and the HMFOR performance. The introduction of the V2O3 nanosheet facilitates the in situ reconstruction of the nickel-based nanocatalyst by enhancing the adsorption of OH*. The incorporation of Co adjusts the electronic structure of nickel, contributing to a decrease in the formation potential of NiOOH. Moreover, the insitugenerated NiOOH promotes the adsorption and activation of aldehyde and hydroxyl groups, providing beneficial effects for HMFOR. Impressively, Co–Ni/V2O3/NF needs only 1.29 VRHE to achieve 10 mA cm–2 for HMFOR and maintains high FDCA selectivity for 10 cycles. This work explains the regulations of V2O3 and Co on NiOOH species formation, which is conducive to designing an efficient nickel-based catalyst for HMF oxidation

Phase Separation and Crystallization in High Hard Block Content Polyurethane Thin Films

Following studies of bulk behavior, the morphological evolution in thin films of linear TPUs with a high content of hard segment (HS) (from 70 to 100 wt %) on annealing is investigated. In contrast to melt-quenched bulk samples, a mixed phase was obtained for as-spin-cast films, and then, on annealing, a phase-separated mesophase domain, as previously observed by scattering and TEM in bulk samples, was observed by AFM to form directly from the mixed phase. In addition to this overall phase behavior, a crystallization behavior unique to thin films was observed: samples of thickness less than 120 nm and annealed at sufficiently high temperature developed large lamellar crystal blocks. Similar crystal blocks have also been found in thin films of a TPU with a more flexible chain extender, although in this case, with the greater HS/SS compatibility of this material, the phase separation behavior was not observed at all

Economic system vulnerability evaluation index system for the BRI countries.

Economic system vulnerability evaluation index system for the BRI countries.</p

Table_1_Effect of acid hydrolysis on the structural and antioxidant characteristics of β-glucan extracted from Qingke (Tibetan hulless barley).DOC

In this study, we explored the effect of acid hydrolysis on the molecular, structural, rheological, thermal, and antioxidant characteristics of Qingke β-glucan. The acid hydrolysis reduced the molecular weights of β-glucans from 510 to 155 KDa. The results of the structural analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that acid hydrolysis did not change the primary functional groups of β-glucans. The rheological behavior of β-glucan without and with acid hydrolysis can be described as pseudoplastic and Newtonian, respectively. The DSC curves of the β-glucans with high molecular weights showed the highest transition temperature. The 2, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity and the reducing power of soluble β-glucans in Qingke showed a dose-dependent pattern. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities of Qingke β-glucan of different molecular weights were similar. This study demostrated that the acid hydrolysis almost have no effect on antioxidant activity of Qingke β-glucans.</p

Hierarchical statistics of the vulnerability of the BRI countries.

Hierarchical statistics of the vulnerability of the BRI countries.</p