Demenou-et-al.accepted_Dryad

Column A: Individual ID; Column B: Country of origin; Column C: Location of origin; Column D: Code of Country of origin; Columns E and F: Spatial coordinates of the individuals (degree decimals); Column G: Individuals used for Spatial Genetic Structure, Pswc and Psec (with * individuals not used for STRUCTURE analysis) Columns H to AI: Genotypes of the individuals at the 14 nuclear SSR (P37, P8, P30, P25, P17, P28, P5, P42, P12, P32, P22, P44, P34, P24

Genotypes (9 microsatellites) and coordinates of individuals (adults, seedlings, seeds) used in the study

Column A: Individual ID; Colum B: Country of origin; Colum C: cohort of the individual (adult, seedling, seed); Columns D and E: coordinates of the individuals (degree decimals); Colmums F to W: genotypes of the individuals at the 9 nuclear SSR (23, 4, 3, 18, 14, 6, 17, 7 and 1)

(Study site, TIF file): Mont de Cristal National Park (MCNP) and its buffer zones.

With the exception of the southern part of the park, villages are located outside of buffer zones.</p

CART results from farmer interviews.

CART results from farmer interviews.</p

Results of generalized linear (GLM) and linear mixed (LMM) models examining factors that best explain the elephant crop-raiding behavior.

Results of generalized linear (GLM) and linear mixed (LMM) models examining factors that best explain the elephant crop-raiding behavior.</p

Results from the survey of 17 plantations in two focal villages.

Results from the survey of 17 plantations in two focal villages.</p

Pearson correlations between CAI in two soil layers (0–20 cm and 20–100 cm) and variables related to species functional traits.

<p>P/NPLD/SB  =  relative abundance of Pioneers/Non-Pioneer Light-Demanders/Shade-Bearers.</p>a<p>Wood-specific gravity (g/cm³).</p>b<p><i>r</i>-Pearson correlation between row variable and CAI in the (i) 0–20 cm (upper line) and (ii) the 20–100 cm (bottom line; values in italics) soil layers. “*”indicates significant test with the classic correlation test: *<i>p</i>< = 0.05 **<i>p</i><0.01 ***<i>p</i><0.001. All the tests based on toroidal translations were non-significant.</p><p>Pearson correlations between CAI in two soil layers (0–20 cm and 20–100 cm) and variables related to species functional traits.</p

Geographical location of the three study areas.

<p>Each site is represented by a rectangle. Sites in Areas 1 and 2 are linearly disposed along a virtual transect represented by a dashed line.</p

Age-depth relationship for 60 charcoal fragments sampled in the three areas investigated.

<p>Charcoals collected in a same soil pit are connected by a dashed line.</p

Autocorrelogram of CAI values for each study area: mean Moran's <i>I</i> computed for 12 to 14 distance intervals.

<p>On the left side (<1 m), the abscissa for the two first symbols represent the vertical distance between soil layers from a same pit, the left and right symbols distinguishing adjacent layers from non-adjacent layers, respectively. On the right side (>10 m), the abscissa corresponds to horizontal distance between soil volumes from different pits located in a same plot (first symbol between 10 m and 100 m), different plots of a same site (between 100 m and 5000 m) or different sites (>5000 m). Full symbols indicate significantly positive or negative Moran's <i>I</i> value (<i>P</i><0.05).</p