Duration of Affect by Affect Group (Study 1).

<p>Mean duration of sadness and interest-worry as a function of affect group in the mother-infant separation vignette (error bars represent 1 standard error).</p

Duration of Affect by Affect Group (Study 2).

<p>Mean duration of sadness and interest-worry as a function of affect group in the First Day vignette (error bars represent 1 standard error).</p

Mean Duration of Affect (Study 1).

<p>Mean percent duration of expressions of sadness and interest-worry across the three vignette epochs in Study 1 (error bars represent 1 standard error).</p

Mean Duration of Affect and Heart Rate Period (Study 2).

<p> Mean duration of expressions of sadness and interest-worry (top) and heart rate changes (bottom) during 10-second epochs of the First Day vignette for children that expressed both affects, <i>n =</i> 19. Shaded area delineates the critical period (error bars represent 1 standard error).</p

Participant characteristics.

<p>Participant characteristics.</p

Screen shot of <i>Resilience Builder</i> software training screen and slow breathing pacer.

<p>a) The ball rises for inhalation and falls for exhalation with a longer interval for exhalation. The top graph shows HR, the large amplitude wave indicates slow deep breathing. The lower graph indicates score, which is very high in this case. b) Breathing pacer identical to Resilience Builder yet no feedback is provided.</p

Group medians of STAI-S scores before and after intervention amongst highly anxious individuals.

<p>Amongst highly anxious individuals, participants in the intervention group showed a reduction in reported state anxiety while those in the control group showed a modest increase. The difference between pre-post difference scores for each group was significant (i.e. a group by time interaction).</p

High Frequency (Natural log) Means and Standard Error.

<p>High Frequency (Natural log) Means and Standard Error.</p

Flow diagram of participant progress through the study.

<p>Figure depicts progress through the stages of the experiment, including when and why participants were excluded. Conforms to CONSORT guidelines <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046597#pone.0046597-Schulz1" target="_blank">[89]</a>.</p

Group differences in HRV comparing intervention to control.

<p>Group means and standard error for HRV measures during anxious anticipation pre and post intervention. Both HF and LF/HF ratio showed significant group by time interactions. a) Participants in the intervention group increased HF after intervention, whereas those in the control group decreased. b) Participant in the intervention group decreased LF/HF ratio whereas those in the control group increased.</p