Atherosclerosis V, Proceeding of the Fifth International Symposium, A.M. Gotto, L.C. Smith, B. Allen, Spring Verlag, 1979(BOOK REVIEW)

Antiviral effect of micafungin on three strains of human rhinoviruses. H1HeLa cells were infected with human rhinovirus type 14 (A), 21 (B), or 71 (C) (100 CCID50) and immediately treated with indicated concentrations of micafungin. Three days after compound treatment antiviral activity was determined by the reduction of cytopathic effect using MTT assay. Cell viability of DMSO-treated cells was set to 0 % and that of uninfected cells was set to 100 %. (TIF 100 kb

Original Article

99 cases were operated while we could not use antibiotics. The author traced X-ray photos on paper and measured areas of the peeled cavities with a planimeter. Results were as follows. 1) 66 cases had increasing stage and the rates were more than 30 %. 2) Cases with good developments showed larger original areas (50〜100cm^2) and smaller increasing rates (less than 30 %). 3) Also their X-ray photos showed coinciding or almost coinciding lines of the apices of lungs and the bases of cavities, but we had to take precautions against suppuration when they showed a horizontal line several days after operation. 4) Most of too high degree of adhesion or thickning of pleura did not show good results. When we found a cord which we must manage with some procedures by pneumolysis we must attend to suppuration too. 5)We ought to resect 4th or 5th rib more than 20 cm and 5th or 4th several cm supplementary. 6) As a method of constriction we commend the INVAGI.NATION method. 7) The author noticed in a considerable number of cases that the areas of cavities increased again after they kept long balanced stages

The chemical constituents from twigs of <i>Hamamelis japonica</i> and their antiviral activities

Three new monoterpenoid glycosides (1–3) and one new flavanol (4) along with 15 known compounds were isolated from the twig of Hamamelis japonica Sieb. et Zucc. The chemical constituent study of the twig of H. japonica has performed for the first time in the present investigation. Their structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic methods including 1 D and 2 D NMR and CD spectra data. All isolated compounds were tested for their antiviral activities against HRV1B-, EV71-, PR8- and CVB3-infected Vero cells. Among the tested compounds, (–)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate exhibited the most consistent and effective antiviral activities against EV71 and PR8 infections.</p

A new naphthoquinone analogue and antiviral constituents from the root of <i>Rhinacanthus nasutus</i>

<p><i>Rhinacanthus nasutus</i> (L.) Kurz (Acanthaceae) is known as traditional medicine for the treatment of fungal and herpes virus infections. A new naphthoquinone racemate, rhinacasutone (<b>1</b>) together with seven known compounds, rhinacanthone (<b>2</b>), rhinacanthins C, D, N, Q, and E (<b>3</b>–<b>7</b>), and heliobuphthalmin (<b>8</b>) were isolated from root of <i>R. nasutus.</i> Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D-, 2D-NMR and MS data. All the isolated compounds were tested for their antiviral activities against PR8, HRV1B, and CVB3-infected vero cells. Compounds <b>3</b>–<b>6</b> exhibited significant antiviral activities with the IC₅₀ value ranging from 0.03 to 23.7 μM in all three infections.</p

CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ and Ly6G^int population reduced in mice treated with the combination of oseltamivir and fraction of ivy extract.

<p>A: Absolute number of cells in BALF from PR8-infected mice treated with oseltamivir alone or oseltamivir combined with fraction 4 of ivy extract for 5 days. B: Representative plots of CD11b and Ly6G levels assessed by flow cytometry. C and E: Percentages of cell populations in B were shown as a bar graph. D and F: The number of cells calculated were shown, *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 (One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test), BALF, bronchial alveolar lavage fluid.</p

Anti-influenza virus activity of combined treatment with oseltamivir and fraction of ivy extract in mice.

<p>Representative H&E stained samples of lung section from uninfected or PR8-infected mice shown at 200x magnification. A and C: Infected mice were treated with oseltamivir alone or oseltamivir and fraction 4 of ivy extract (n = 4 per group) for 2 (A) or 5 (C) days. B and D: Pathological grade of mice that received oral drug administration for 2 (B) and 5 (D) days. *P<0.05;**p<0.01;***p<0.001; n.s., not significant. one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.</p

Cytokine production reduced by the combination of oseltamivir and fraction of ivy extract in mice.

<p>A: Body weight of PR8-infected mice administered with oseltamivir alone or coadministratered with oseltamivir and fraction 4 (*P<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test). B and C: Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines measured from lung tissue of PR8-infected mice (n = 5 per group) treated with oseltamivir (5 mg/kg) in combination with fraction 4 of ivy extract (30 mg/kg) for 2 (B) and 5 (C) days. *P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001; n.s., not significant. one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.</p

Antiviral activity of Norwogonin, Oroxylin A, and Mosloflavone against CVB3 infection in Vero cells.

<p>Antiviral activity of Norwogonin, Oroxylin A, and Mosloflavone against CVB3 infection in Vero cells.</p

Oroxylin A inhibits the replication of the CVB3 replicon.

<p>(A) Vero cells were transfected with in vitro-transcribed CVB3-replicon RNAs, immediately treated with the indicated concentrations of oroxylin A for 8h, and then assayed for firefly luciferase activity. The luciferase activity of DMSO-treated cells was considered to be 100%. ^**P<0.001 using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (B) In the same conditions, another set of CVB3 replicon-transfected cells was assayed for cell viability using CellTiter-Glo reagent. The activity of DMSO-treated cells was considered to be 100%.</p

The antiviral activities of norwogonin, oroxylin A, and mosloflavone against CVB3 in vitro.

(A) Antiviral activities of norwogonin, oroxylin A, and mosloflavone against CVB3 in Vero cells were measured by SRB assay. The indicated concentration of norwogonin, oroxylin A, and mosloflavone, ranging from 0.4–50 μg/ml, were added to Vero cells infected with the CCID50 titer of CVB3. Cells were cultured for 48 h and the antiviral activity was determined by CPE reduction assay. Absorbance values are presented as means ± SD from 3 independent experiments each carried out in triplicate. **P***P2 for 48 h, the morphologies of cells were photographed under a microscope. (B-a) Non-infected cells; (B-b) non-infected cells treated with norwogonin; (B-c) non-infected cells treated with oroxylin A; (B-d) non-infected cells treated with mosloflavone; (B-e) CVB3-infected cells; (B-f) CVB3-infected cells treated with norwogonin; (B-g) CVB3-infected cells treated with oroxylin A; (B-h) CVB3-infected cells treated with mosloflavone; (C) Relative CVB3 gene expression in control, CVB3-infected, and 10 μg/ml norwogonin-, oroxylin A-, and mosloflavone-treated cells by real-time PCR. **P<0.001 using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (D) TOA effects of norwogonin, oroxylin A, and mosloflavone on CVB3 replication in Vero cells. 30 μg/mL of each compound was added either during (0 h), or after (1, 2, 4, or 8 h) virus infection. After 2 days, inhibition was evaluated by the SRB method and expressed as the inhibition rate. Percentage values represent the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments.</p