4,633 research outputs found
Nonlinear diffusion from Einstein's master equation
We generalize Einstein's master equation for random walk processes by
considering that the probability for a particle at position to make a jump
of length lattice sites, is a functional of the particle
distribution function . By multiscale expansion, we obtain a
generalized advection-diffusion equation. We show that the power law (with ) follows from the requirement
that the generalized equation admits of scaling solutions (). The solutions have a -exponential form
and are found to be in agreement with the results of Monte-Carlo simulations,
so providing a microscopic basis validating the nonlinear diffusion equation.
Although its hydrodynamic limit is equivalent to the phenomenological porous
media equation, there are extra terms which, in general, cannot be neglected as
evidenced by the Monte-Carlo computations.}Comment: 7 pages incl. 3 fig
Nonextensive diffusion as nonlinear response
The porous media equation has been proposed as a phenomenological
``non-extensive'' generalization of classical diffusion. Here, we show that a
very similar equation can be derived, in a systematic manner, for a classical
fluid by assuming nonlinear response, i.e. that the diffusive flux depends on
gradients of a power of the concentration. The present equation distinguishes
from the porous media equation in that it describes \emph{% generalized
classical} diffusion, i.e. with scaling, but with a generalized
Einstein relation, and with power-law probability distributions typical of
nonextensive statistical mechanics
Lattice gas with ``interaction potential''
We present an extension of a simple automaton model to incorporate non-local
interactions extending over a spatial range in lattice gases. {}From the
viewpoint of Statistical Mechanics, the lattice gas with interaction range may
serve as a prototype for non-ideal gas behavior. {}From the density
fluctuations correlation function, we obtain a quantity which is identified as
a potential of mean force. Equilibrium and transport properties are computed
theoretically and by numerical simulations to establish the validity of the
model at macroscopic scale.Comment: 12 pages LaTeX, figures available on demand ([email protected]
Is the Tsallis entropy stable?
The question of whether the Tsallis entropy is Lesche-stable is revisited. It
is argued that when physical averages are computed with the escort
probabilities, the correct application of the concept of Lesche-stability
requires use of the escort probabilities. As a consequence, as shown here, the
Tsallis entropy is unstable but the thermodynamic averages are stable. We
further show that Lesche stability as well as thermodynamic stability can be
obtained if the homogeneous entropy is used as the basis of the formulation of
non-extensive thermodynamics. In this approach, the escort distribution arises
naturally as a secondary structure.Comment: 6 page
Statistics of precursors to fingering processes
We present an analysis of the statistical properties of hydrodynamic field
fluctuations which reveal the existence of precursors to fingering processes.
These precursors are found to exhibit power law distributions, and these power
laws are shown to follow from spatial -Gaussian structures which are
solutions to the generalized non-linear diffusion equation.Comment: 7 pages incl. 5 figs; tp appear in Europhysics Letter
Heavy Quark Diffusion from the Lattice
We study the diffusion of heavy quarks in the Quark Gluon Plasma using the
Langevin equations of motion and estimate the contribution of the transport
peak to the Euclidean current-current correlator. We show that the Euclidean
correlator is remarkably insensitive to the heavy quark diffusion coefficient
and give a simple physical interpretation of this result using the free
streaming Boltzmann equation. However if the diffusion coefficient is smaller
than , as favored by RHIC phenomenology, the transport
contribution should be visible in the Euclidean correlator. We outline a
procedure to isolate this contribution.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
Dynamics of short polymer chains in solution
We present numerical and analytical results describing the effect of
hydrodynamic interactions on the dynamics of a short polymer chain in solution.
A molecular dynamics algorithm for the polymer is coupled to a direct
simulation Monte Carlo algorithm for the solvent. We give an explicit
expression for the velocity autocorrelation function of the centre of mass of
the polymer which agrees well with numerical results if Brownian dynamics,
hydrodynamic correlations and sound wave scattering are included
Computer Simulation Study of the Phase Behavior and Structural Relaxation in a Gel-Former Modeled by Three Body Interactions
We report a computer simulation study of a model gel-former obtained by
modifying the three-body interactions of the Stillinger-Weber potential for
silicon. This modification reduces the average coordination number and
consequently shifts the liquid-gas phase coexistence curve to low densities,
thus facilitating the formation of gels without phase separation. At low
temperatures and densities, the structure of the system is characterized by the
presence of long linear chains interconnected by a small number of three
coordinated junctions at random locations. At small wave-vectors the static
structure factor shows a non-monotonic dependence on temperature, a behavior
which is due to the competition between the percolation transition of the
particles and the stiffening of the formed chains. We compare in detail the
relaxation dynamics of the system as obtained from molecular dynamics with the
one obtained from Monte Carlo dynamics. We find that the bond correlation
function displays stretched exponential behavior at moderately low temperatures
and densities, but exponential relaxation at low temperatures. The bond
lifetime shows an Arrhenius behavior, independent of the microscopic dynamics.
For the molecular dynamics at low temperatures, the mean squared displacement
and the (coherent and incoherent) intermediate scattering function display at
intermediate times a dynamics with ballistic character and we show that this
leads to compressed exponential relaxation. For the Monte Carlo dynamics we
find always an exponential or stretched exponential relaxation. Thus we
conclude that the compressed exponential relaxation observed in experiments is
due to the out-of-equilibrium dynamics
Finite Temperature Spectral Densities of Momentum and R-Charge Correlators in Yang Mills Theory
We compute spectral densities of momentum and R-charge correlators in thermal
Yang Mills at strong coupling using the AdS/CFT correspondence. For
and smaller, the spectral density differs markedly from
perturbation theory; there is no kinetic theory peak. For large , the
spectral density oscillates around the zero-temperature result with an
exponentially decreasing amplitude. Contrast this with QCD where the spectral
density of the current-current correlator approaches the zero temperature
result like . Despite these marked differences with perturbation
theory, in Euclidean space-time the correlators differ by only from
the free result. The implications for Lattice QCD measurements of transport are
discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure
Evidence for compact cooperatively rearranging regions in a supercooled liquid
We examine structural relaxation in a supercooled glass-forming liquid
simulated by NVE molecular dynamics. Time correlations of the total kinetic
energy fluctuations are used as a comprehensive measure of the system's
approach to the ergodic equilibrium. We find that, under cooling, the total
structural relaxation becomes delayed as compared with the decay of the
component of the intermediate scattering function corresponding to the main
peak of the structure factor. This observation can be explained by collective
movements of particles preserving many-body structural correlations within
compact 3D cooperatively rearranging regions.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
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