Entropy time periods.

<p>Listed are the start of each time period and the most common repeat interval (peak).</p

Summary of repeat intervals for 97 laboratory tests.

<p>Listed for each test are the LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Code) name and code; the median repeat interval and standard deviation for all 100,000 repeat intervals; the minimum and maximum median repeat intervals of the 20 value bins and their ratio; the entropy; and the category: “bad-good” (BG), “bad-good-bad” (BGB), “good-bad” (GB), “good-bad-good” (GBG), and “good-bad-good-bad” (GBGB). Repeat intervals are given in days.</p

Repeat intervals for 97 common laboratory tests.

<p>(a) Frequency distribution of repeat intervals for all labs. Vertical bars indicate the boundaries used in the entropy calculations to convert repeat intervals to one of 20 discrete categories. (b) Median repeat interval for each of 97 tests. Vertical bars indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.</p

The median repeat interval for different initial (a) WBC, (b) HDLc, (c) HbA1c, and (d) hCG values.

<p>Error bars represent the 25th and 75th percentiles. Triangles indicate reference values for BWH (black) and MGH (gray).</p

Factors that affect repeat interval, including (a) age and (b) inpatient vs outpatient setting.

<p>Error bars represent the 25th and 75th percentiles.</p

Number of coauthors and mean citations.

<p>Citation of an article has strong positive correlation with the number of coauthors. This trend becomes obvious for articles with more than 5 authors. Because of this, to see the relationship between author distance and citation, articles with different number of coauthors need to be analysed separately. We separated articles with 4 or less authors and 5 or more authors.</p

Association between yearly prescriptions for rofecoxib and celecoxib and mean age of patients hospitalized for myocardial infarctions.

<p>Line graph showing a significant negative association between mean patient age and national prescription volume for rofecoxib and celecoxib (Spearman correlation, 0.67, P<0.05). Prescriptions for rofecoxib and celecoxib peaked in 2001 with 27,060,000 prescriptions dispensed nationally while mean age was 64.6, the lowest in nine years.</p

Additional file 4 of Integrative analysis of genetic data sets reveals a shared innate immune component in autism spectrum disorder and its co-morbidities

Pathway enrichment analysis. This Excel file contains hypergeometric test p values per pathway per disease for KEGG, BioCarta, Reactome, and PID pathway collections as well as all canonical pathway gene sets collected from MSigDB version 4.0., and Fisher’s combined p values for ASD and its co-morbidities. (XLS 1444 kb

Capability of 19-L polycarbonate plastic water cooler containers for efficient solar water disinfection (SODIS): Field case studies in India, Bahrain and Spain

The small treated volume (typically ~2 L) associated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles that are most frequently used in solar water disinfection (SODIS), is a major obstacle to uptake of this water treatment technology in resource-poor environments. In order to address this problem we have conducted a series of experiments in Spain, Bahrain and India, to assess the efficacy of large volume (19 L) transparent plastic (polycarbonate) water cooler/dispenser containers (WDCs) as SODIS reactors to inactivate Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, under strong natural sunlight. Reduction values of 6 log10 units (LRV = 6.0) have been observed using WDCs in each location. Additional comparisons between 2-L PET bottles and 19-L indicate that WDCs provide bacterial inactivation similar in both systems. SODIS disinfection experiments in turbid water (100 NTU) in both reactors showed very good inactivation efficiency. LRVs of 6 were obtained for E. coli in both WDC and 2-L PET bottles, and in the case of E. faecalis LRV = 5 and 6 were observed in Spain and Bahrain, respectively. These studies demonstrate that under conditions of strong sunlight and mild temperature, 19 L water dispenser containers can be used to provide adequate volumes of SODIS treated water for households or larger community applications such as schools or clinics in the developing world

Histogram of data in Figure 2.

<p>Most of the coauthors are very close to each other within 200 m.</p