Zeolite-Templated Mesoporous Silicon Particles for Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

For the practical use of high-capacity silicon anodes in high-energy lithium-based batteries, key issues arising from the large volume change of silicon during cycling must be addressed by the facile structural design of silicon. Herein, we discuss the zeolite-templated magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of mesoporous silicon (mpSi) (mpSi-Y, -B, and -Z derived from commercial zeolite Y, Beta, and ZSM-5, respectively) microparticles having large pore volume (0.4–0.5 cm³/g), wide open pore size (19–31 nm), and small primary silicon particles (20–35 nm). With these appealing mpSi particle structural features, a series of mpSi/C composites exhibit outstanding performance including excellent cycling stabilities for 500 cycles, high specific and volumetric capacities (1100–1700 mAh g^–1 and 640–1000 mAh cm^–3 at 100 mA g^–1), high Coulombic efficiencies (approximately 100%), and remarkable rate capabilities, whereas conventional silicon nanoparticles (SiNP)/C demonstrate limited cycle life. These enhanced electrochemical responses of mpSi/C composites are further manifested by low impedance build-up, high Li ion diffusion rate, and small electrode thickness changes after cycling compared with those of SiNP/C composite. In addition to the outstanding electrochemical properties, the low-cost materials and high-yield processing make the mpSi/C composites attractive candidates for high-performance and high-energy Li-ion battery anodes

Study flow chart of patient inclusions and exclusions.

ICU, intensive care unit; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.</p

Distribution of physical/occupational therapy according to age in Korean intensive care units.

ICU, intensive care unit. Overall p for trend < 0.01.</p

Claim codes for treatments or procedures.

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Odds ratio (95% CI) for PT/OT-provided rehabilitation of critically ill children in intensive care units in Korea, 2013 to 2019.

Odds ratio (95% CI) for PT/OT-provided rehabilitation of critically ill children in intensive care units in Korea, 2013 to 2019.</p

Characteristics of ICU patients according to PT/OT-provided rehabilitation in Korea, January 2013 to July 2019.

Characteristics of ICU patients according to PT/OT-provided rehabilitation in Korea, January 2013 to July 2019.</p

Required procedures and hospital outcomes of ICU patients according to PT/OT-provided rehabilitation in Korea, January 2013 to July 2019.

Required procedures and hospital outcomes of ICU patients according to PT/OT-provided rehabilitation in Korea, January 2013 to July 2019.</p

Trends in physical therapy/occupational therapy rehabilitation provided to critically ill children in Korean intensive care units over a 5-year period.

ICU, intensive care unit. Overall p for trend < 0.01.</p

Clinical outcomes in the clinically suspected vasospastic angina patients according to intensity of statin.

Clinical outcomes in the clinically suspected vasospastic angina patients according to intensity of statin.</p

Association of statin therapy with clinical outcomes in patients with vasospastic angina: Data from Korean health insurance review and assessment service

There is conflicting evidence for the clinical benefit of statin therapy in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA). We investigated the association of statin therapy with clinical outcomes in relatively large populations with clinically suspected VSA from a nationwide population-based database. Data were collected from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database records of 4,099 patients that were in an intensive care unit with VSA between January 1, 2008 and May 31, 2015. We divided the patients into a statin group (n = 1,795) and a non-statin group (n = 2,304). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac arrest and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The median follow-up duration was 3.8 years (interquartile range: 2.2 to 5.8 years). Cardiac arrest or AMI occurred in 120 patients (5.2%) in the statin group, and 97 patients (5.4%) in the non-statin group (P = 0.976). With inverse probability of treatment weighting, there was no significant difference in the rate of cardiac arrest or AMI between the two groups (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.30; P = 0.937), or even between the non-statin group and high-intensity statin group (adjusted HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.69–1.70; P = 0.75). The beneficial association of statin use with the primary outcome was consistently lacking across the various comorbidity types. Statin therapy was not associated with reduced cardiac arrest or AMI in patients with VSA, regardless of statin intensity. Prospective, randomized trials will be needed to confirm our findings.</div