Demographics and perioperative clinical characteristics.

Demographics and perioperative clinical characteristics.</p

Healthcare costs by procedure & approach.

The clipped boxplot trimmed extremely high values based on 20,000,000 KRW. (1 U.S. dollor = 1,150 Korean won) (A) The number of clipped patients in open anterior resection = 256; The number of clipped patients in laparoscopic anterior resection = 334; The number of clipped patients in open low anterior resection = 432; (B) The number of clipped patients in laparoscopic low anterior resection = 792; The number of clipped patients in open ultra-low anterior resection = 17; The number of clipped patients in laparoscopic ultra-low anterior resection = 76.</p

Economic outcomes of the presence of anastomotic leakage.

Economic outcomes of the presence of anastomotic leakage.</p

Pateint selection flow chart.

Pateint selection flow chart.</p

Economic outcomes of the presence of Additional Intervention Cases(AIC).

(DOCX)</p

Risk factors and clinical parameters associated with the anastomotic leak from logistic regression.

Risk factors and clinical parameters associated with the anastomotic leak from logistic regression.</p

Healthcare costs by procedure & approach.

Healthcare costs by procedure & approach.</p

Anastomotic leakage and other clinical outcomes.

Anastomotic leakage and other clinical outcomes.</p