Table_1_Classification for Single-Trial N170 During Responding to Facial Picture With Emotion.DOCX

Whether an event-related potential (ERP), N170, related to facial recognition was modulated by emotion has always been a controversial issue. Some researchers considered the N170 to be independent of emotion, whereas a recent study has shown the opposite view. In the current study, electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings while responding to facial pictures with emotion were utilized to investigate whether the N170 was modulated by emotion. We found that there was a significant difference between ERP trials with positive and negative emotions of around 170 ms at the occipitotemporal electrodes (i.e., N170). Then, we further proposed the application of the single-trial N170 as a feature for the classification of facial emotion, which could avoid the fact that ERPs were obtained by averaging most of the time while ignoring the trial-to-trial variation. In order to find an optimal classifier for emotional classification with single-trial N170 as a feature, three types of classifiers, namely, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), L1-regularized logistic regression (L1LR), and support vector machine with radial basis function (RBF-SVM), were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the single-trial N170 could be used as a classification feature to successfully distinguish positive emotion from negative emotion. L1-regularized logistic regression classifiers showed a good generalization, whereas LDA showed a relatively poor generalization. Moreover, when compared with L1LR, the RBF-SVM required more time to optimize the parameters during the classification, which became an obstacle while applying it to the online operating system of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The findings suggested that face-related N170 could be affected by facial expression and that the single-trial N170 could be a biomarker used to monitor the emotional states of subjects for the BCI domain.</p

Table_1_Association of two novel systemic inflammatory biomarkers and frailty based on NHANES 2007–2018.docx

BackgroundFrailty is a significant concern in the field of public health. However, currently, there is a lack of widely recognized and reliable biological markers for frailty. This study aims to investigate the association between systemic inflammatory biomarkers and frailty in the older adult population in the United States.MethodsThis study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007 to 2018 and conducted a rigorous cross-sectional analysis. We constructed weighted logistic regression models to explore the correlation between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), and frailty in the population aged 40 to 80 years. Using restricted cubic spline (RCS), we successfully visualized the relationship between SII, SIRI, and frailty. Finally, we presented stratified analyses and interaction tests of covariates in a forest plot.ResultsThis study involved 11,234 participants, 45.95% male and 54.05% female, with an average age of 64.75 ± 0.13 years. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the weighted logistic regression model indicated an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) for the correlation between frailty and the natural logarithm (ln) transformed lnSII and lnSIRI as 1.38 (1.24–1.54) and 1.69 (1.53–1.88), respectively. Subsequently, we assessed different levels of lnSII and lnSIRI, finding consistent results. In the lnSII group model, the likelihood of frailty significantly increased in the fourth quartile (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55–2.12) compared to the second quartile. In the lnSIRI group model, the likelihood of frailty significantly increased in the third quartile (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10–1.53) and fourth quartile (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.95–2.70) compared to the second quartile. The interaction results indicate that age and income-to-poverty ratio influence the association between lnSIRI and frailty. RCS demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between lnSII, lnSIRI, and frailty.ConclusionThe results of this cross-sectional study indicate a positive correlation between systemic inflammatory biomarkers (SII, SIRI) and frailty.</p

DCA-induced elevation of EGFR oligomerization in Caco-2 PM is mediated by PA.

(A) Co-localization between various lipid-binding domains and EGFR was quantified using EM-bivariate co-localization analysis. Caco-2 cells co-expressing a GFP-tagged lipid-binding domain and EGFR-RFP were grown to a monolayer before treatment of 1μM DCA for 5 minutes. Intact basal PM of Caco-2 cells was attached to EM grids and immunolabeled with 6nm gold nanoparticles conjugated with anti-GFP antibody and 2nm gold linked to anti-RFP antibody, respectively. Gold distribution was imaged using TEM at 100,000x magnification and analyzed using bivariate K-function. LBI values indicate extent of co-localization between each lipid type and EGFR, with values >100 indicating statistically significant co-localization. (B) EM-univariate spatial analysis shows the extent of oligomerization of the full-length EGFR-GFP, the truncated transmembrane domain/juxtamembrane domain TMD_JMD-GFP, and the truncated mutant TMD_JMD_3A-GFP in the basal PM of Caco-2 cells without / with 1μM DCA for 5 minutes. (C) Caco-2 cells expressing GFP-PASS (specifically binding to PA) were pre-treated with 0.75μM FIPI (pan-PLD inhibitor) for 25 minutes before co-incubation with both 0.75μM FIPI and 1μM DCA for an additional 5 minutes. In the same EM-spatial analysis, the number of gold particles with a 1μm2 PM area was counted to estimate changes in PA level in the cell PM. The same PA depletion experiments using FIPI were conducted on Caco-2 cells expressing EGFR-GFP without / with supplementation of 10μM exogenous egg PA. Oligomerization (D) and number of gold particles (E) within a 1μm2 PM area were quantified using EM-univariate clustering analysis. For all the EM-immunogold labeling univariate and bivariate experiments, at least 15 PM sheets from individual cells were analyzed in each condition. In all univariate and bivariate spatial analyses (A, B, C, and E), statistical significance between untreated controls and various treatments in clustering analyses was evaluated using bootstrap tests, with * indicating pD and F) was evaluated using one-way ANOVA, with * indicating p<0.05.</p

DCA stimulation of EGFR-MAPK signaling in <i>ex vivo</i> human intestinal enteroids is mediated by PA.

(A) Human intestinal enteroids were pre-serum-starved before incubation with 5 μM DCA for various time points to ensure total serum starvation time is 2 hours for all conditions. Whole cell lysates were collected and blotted using antibodies against pMEK, total MEK, pERK, total ERK, pAkt or total Akt, as well as the loading control actin. (B) Human intestinal enteroids were serum-starved for 1 hour and 55 minutes before incubation with 1–200μM DCA for an additional 5 minutes. Whole cell lysates were collected and blotted using antibodies against pMEK, total MEK, pERK, total ERK, pAkt or total Akt, as well as the loading control actin. (C) Pre-serum-starved human intestinal enteroids were treated with 0.75μM FIPI for 25 minutes and subsequent co-incubation with both FIPI and 5μM DCA. Whole cell lysates were collected and blotted using antibodies against pMEK, total MEK, pERK, total ERK, pAkt or total Akt, as well as the loading control actin. In all signaling experiments, 3 individual experiments were performed separately and quantitation is shown as mean±SEM. Statistical significance was evaluated using one-way ANOVA, with * indicating p<0.05.</p

DCA alters the dynamic spatial distribution of various lipids and EGFR in Caco-2 basal PM.

(A) Caco-2 cells ectopically expressing a GFP-tagged lipid-binding domain were treated with 1μM DCA for 5 minutes. Intact basolateral PM sheets of Caco-2 cells were then attached to EM grids and immunolabeled with 4.5nm gold nanoparticles conjugated to anti-GFP antibody. Gold particles were imaged via transmission EM (TEM) at 100,000X magnification. Spatial distribution of gold particles within a 1μm2 PM area was quantified using univariate K-function. Lmax values above 1 indicate statistically meaningful clustering, whereas Lmax values below 1 indicate spatial uniformity. (B) Number of gold particles within the same 1μm2 PM area was counted as an estimate of lipid level in the PM. (C and D) Caco-2 cells expressing either GFP-PASS (to specifically tag PA) or EGFR-GFP were exposed to 1μM DCA for various time points (0–60 minutes) before immunogold labeling. Extent of univariate spatial distribution (C) and number of gold labeling (D) of GFP-PASS or EGFR-GFP were calculated as described above. (E and F) Caco-2 cells ectopically expressing GFP-PASS or EGFR-GFP were exposed to increasing concentrations of DCA (0–30μM) for 5 minutes before immunogold labeling. Spatial distribution (E) and number of gold particles within a 1μm2 PM area (F) were calculated. Changes in EGFR monomer (G), dimer (H) and oligomer (I) populations without / with 1μM DCA were calculated using the spatial analysis data. At least 15 PM sheets from individual cells were analyzed in each condition. Statistical significance of the univariate clustering analysis (A, C and E) was evaluated via comparing our data against 1000 bootstrap tests, with * indicating pB, D and F), with * indicating pG-I) was evaluated using one-way ANOVA with * indicating p<0.05.</p

Additional file 1: of Antiviral therapy predicts the outcomes following resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients negative for HBV DNA: a propensity score matching analysis

Eligible patients included in the AVT and non-AVT group. (XLSX 68 kb

Table_3_Methylation level of potato gene OMT30376 regulates tuber anthocyanin transformations.xlsx

After anthocyanin synthesis, a variety of anthocyanin compounds are produced through further methylation, glycosylation, and acylation. However, the effect of the potato methylase gene on anthocyanin biosynthesis has not been reported. Red and purple mutation types appear in tubers of the potato cultivar ‘Purple Viking’ with chimeric skin phenotypes. In this study, transcriptome and anthocyanin metabolome analyses were performed on skin of Purple Viking tubers and associated mutants. According to the metabolome analysis, the transformation of delphinidin into malvidin-3-O-glucoside and petunidin 3-O-glucoside and that of cyanidin into rosinidin O-hexoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were hindered in red tubers. Expression of methyltransferase gene OMT30376 was significantly lower in red tubers than in purple ones, whereas the methylation level of OMT30376 was significantly higher in red tubers. In addition, red skin appeared in tubers from purple tuber plants treated with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), indicating the difference between purple and red was caused by the methylation degree of the gene OMT30376. Thus, the results of the study suggest that the OMT30376 gene is involved in the transformation of anthocyanins in potato tubers. The results also provide an important reference to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transformation.</p

DCA stimulation of EGFR-MAPK signaling in Caco-2 cells is mediated by PA.

(A) Caco-2 cells grown to a monolayer were pre-serum-starved before incubation with 1μM DCA for various time points to ensure that the total serum starvation time was 3 hours without / with DCA. Whole cell lysates were collected and blotted using antibodies against pMEK, total MEK, pERK, total ERK, pAkt or total Akt, as well as the loading control actin. (B) Caco-2 cells grown to a monolayer were pre-serum-starved for 2 hours and 55 minutes before incubation with various concentrations (1–30μM) DCA for 5 minutes. Whole cell lysates were collected and blotted using antibodies against pMEK, total MEK, pERK, total ERK, pAkt or total Akt, as well as the loading control actin. (C) Caco-2 cells were pre-serum-starved for 2 hours and 30 minutes before incubation with 0.75μM FIPI for 25 minutes and subsequent co-incubation with FIPI and 1μM DCA for 5 minutes. Whole cell lysates were collected for Western blotting against pMEK, total MEK, pERK, total ERK, pAkt or total Akt, as well as the loading control actin. In all signaling experiments, 3 individual experiments were performed separately and quantitation is shown as mean±SEM. Statistical significance was evaluated using one-way ANOVA, with * indicating p<0.05.</p

Tailoring the Size of Ru Nanoparticles via Template Evaporation for One-Step Conversion of Cellulose to Sorbitol

Directly converting cellulose to sorbitol is of great significance for the production of food-grade sorbitol. However, the hydrolysis of cellulose requires harsh reaction conditions, limiting further upgrading of its hydrolysate. Herein, N-modified Ru nanoparticles (NPs) supported on active carbon were fabricated by a facile approach using melamine as both template and nitrogen precursor. Ru NPs with appropriate sizes and high metallic Ru0 content were synthesized via the ball-milling process of melamine and active carbon, followed by impregnation of RuCl3 and subsequent copyrolysis. Meanwhile, the impacts of different fabrication procedures were studied in detail, demonstrating the necessity of mixing melamine and metal precursors together. The catalyst Ru–N/C-1.3 converted cellulose into sorbitol successfully, with a satisfactory yield of 82%. Ru NPs with reasonable diameters depicted limited hydrogenation activity, protecting sorbitol from further hydrogenation at the high temperature of cellulose hydrolysis. Density functional theory revealed that pyridinic N species balanced the adsorption of glucose and sorbitol molecules, favoring the hydrogenation of glucose. It also demonstrated that enlarged Ru NPs have lower hydrogenation activity and prevent sorbitol from side reactions. Our work provides an effective strategy to fabricate metal nanoparticle catalysts with controllable sizes and activities for biomass macromolecule refining

Synthesis of Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalysts Assisted by Deep-Eutectic Solvents for <i>n</i>‑Butane Selective Oxidation

The effects of choline chloride/oxalic acid deep eutectic solvents (ChCl/OA DES) as a green and effective promoter assisting the synthesis of vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts for the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride were investigated in detail. A combination of characterizations with the performance was considered to understand the essential effects of DES. DES play the role of a crystal induced agent and structural modifier, facilitating the formation of a single-crystal structure on the surface of precursor; correspondingly, topological transformation to the single-crystal active phase under the activation conditions accompany the decomposition of DES. It is suggested that ChCl/OA DES can interact with V2O5 and form a new vanadium complex, which affects the reaction between V2O5 and H3PO4. Meanwhile, the ChCl/OA DES could regulate the surface chemical state and redox characteristic, resulting in the enhancement on the catalytic performance of VPO