A new model based on adiabatic flame temperature for evaluation of the upper flammable limit of alkane-air-CO2 mixtures

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. For security issue of alkane used in Organic Rankine Cycle, a new model to evaluate the upper flammability limits for mixtures of alkanes, carbon dioxide and air has been proposed in present study. The linear relationship was found at upper flammability limits between molar fraction of diluent in alkane-CO 2 mixture and calculated adiabatic flame temperature. The prediction ability of the variable calculated adiabatic flame temperature model that incorporated the linear relationship above is greatly better than the models that adopted the fixed calculated adiabatic flame temperature at upper flammability limit. The average relative differences between results predicted by the new model and observed values are less than 3.51% for upper flammability limit evaluation. In order to enhance persuasion of the new model, the observed values of n-butane-CO 2 and isopentane-CO 2 mixtures measured in this study were used to confirm the validity of the new model. The predicted results indicated that the new model possesses the capacity of practical application and can adequately provide safe non-flammable ranges for alkanes diluted with carbon dioxide

Pearson correlation coefficients for the plasma thyroid hormone levels and the expression of certain genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.

<p>*Statistically significant at 0.01<<i>P</i><0.05.</p><p>Pearson correlation coefficients for the plasma thyroid hormone levels and the expression of certain genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.</p

Relative mRNA expression levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (<i>trh</i>) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (<i>crh</i>) in the hypothalamus glands and quantification of plasma cortisol content in female goldfish exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L 40% monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide.

<p>(designated C, MCP0.01, MCP0.10, and MCP1.00, respectively). For panels A and B, fold change (Y axis) represents the expression of the target gene mRNA relative to that of the control group (equals 1 by definition). The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations (n = 9). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from the control group (*0.01<<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01).</p

Enantioselective 6-<i>exo</i>-Bromoaminocyclization of Homoallylic <i>N</i>‑Tosylcarbamates Catalyzed by a Novel Monophosphine-Sc(OTf)₃ Complex

A highly enantioselective 6-<i>exo</i>-bromoaminocyclization of (<i>E</i>)-homoallylic <i>N</i>-tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a novel monophosphine-Sc­(OTf)₃ complex is described, giving a wide variety of optically active oxazinanones with high enantioselectivities

Quantification of plasma free 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T₃) and free 3,3′,5,5′-l-thyroxine (T₄) contents and the relative mRNA expression levels of hepatic transthyretin (<i>ttr</i>) in female goldfish exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L 40% monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide.

<p>(designated C, MCP0.01, MCP0.10, and MCP1.00, respectively). For panel C, fold change (Y axis) represents the expression of the target gene mRNA relative to that of the control group (equals 1 by definition). The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations (n = 9). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from the control group (*0.01<<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01).</p

Graphene–MnO₂ Hybrid Nanostructure as a New Catalyst for Formaldehyde Oxidation

Graphene-based hybrids for catalysis are currently attracting tremendous attention due to their unique and advantageous properties. However, the application in gas-phase thermal catalysis including the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains a theoretical research stage. Here we developed a new use of graphene-based hybrid as a catalyst for formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. The hybrid design of MnO₂ catalyst incorporated on graphene nanosheets not only exposes more active surface for catalysis, introduces expressways for charge travel during redox reaction, but also brings a large amount of surface OH^– species, which simplifies the decomposition pathway of HCHO without the generation and oxidation of intermediate CO. Therefore, this hybrid design enables great performance enhancements in HCHO oxidation as compared to pure MnO₂ and even other noble metal catalysts, displaying a much low 100% removal temperature of 65 °C. Highly stable performance and excellent recycling ability are also observed over graphene–MnO₂ hybrids. Kinetic tests reveal that the introduction of graphene reduces activation energy of MnO₂ catalyst from 65.5 to 39.5 kJ mol^–1

Nucleotide sequences of the primers used for real-time polymerase chain reaction and product sizes.

<p>Goldfish contain duplicate genes encoding for D1, D2, and D3, and the primer pairs amplify the two genes.</p><p>Nucleotide sequences of the primers used for real-time polymerase chain reaction and product sizes.</p

Chiral Cyclic Ligand-Enabled Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of Unactivated Racemic Allylic Alcohols with Anilines

A highly enantioselective arylation of unactivated racemic secondary allylic alcohols with aniline derivatives has been developed. The transformation was enabled by an iridium–chiral cyclic phosphoramidite complex in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate as the promoter, and the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the substrates were tuned by the variation of our newly developed chiral cyclic phosphoramidite ligands together with temperature and solvents. The method shows advantages including use of the readily available starting materials, an operationally convenient protocol, full regioselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity, and tolerance of many functional groups with water as the only byproduct

Quantification of plasma total 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T₃) and total 3,3′,5,5′-l-thyroxine (T₄) levels in female goldfish exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L 40% monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide.

<p>(designated C, MCP0.01, MCP0.10, and MCP1.00, respectively). The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations (n = 9). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from the control group (*0.01<<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01).</p

Relative mRNA expression levels of types I, II, and III deiodinases (<i>d1</i>, <i>d2</i>, and <i>d3</i>) in the liver, brain, and kidney of female goldfish exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L 40% monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide.

<p>(designated C, MCP0.01, MCP0.10, and MCP1.00, respectively). Fold change (Y axis) represents the expression of the target gene mRNA relative to that of the control group (equals 1 by definition). The data are presented as the means ± standard deviations (n = 9). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from the control group (*0.01<<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01).</p