Adjusted hazard ratios of stroke events among the individuals with pneumococcal pneumonia and those without pneumococcal pneumonia stratified by comorbidities for the first year of follow-up.

<p>Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p>*<p>Comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, chronic renal disease, obesity, and peripheral arterial disease.</p

Demographic characteristics and comorbidities of the pneumococcal pneumonia and control groups in Taiwan, 2004 (n = 2235).

<p>Demographic characteristics and comorbidities of the pneumococcal pneumonia and control groups in Taiwan, 2004 (n = 2235).</p

Characteristics of individuals in high-pneumococcal pneumonia and low-pneumococcal pneumonia areas (n = 1640).

<p>Characteristics of individuals in high-pneumococcal pneumonia and low-pneumococcal pneumonia areas (n = 1640).</p

Hazard ratio of stroke among the pneumococcal pneumonia patients and the control group stratified by time; 85 stroke events in the first year of follow-up and 68 events in the second year of follow-up.

<p>Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p

Hazard ratios of stroke events among 2235 patients.

<p>Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p

Cumulative risk of stroke for the pneumococcal pneumonia patients and the controls.

<p>Cumulative risk of stroke for the pneumococcal pneumonia patients and the controls.</p

Marginal effect of pneumococcal pneumonia on stroke event using instrumental variable analysis for one-year follow up (n = 1640).

<p>Abbreviation: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.</p

Cumulative risk of stroke events in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and those without.

<p>Cumulative risk of stroke events in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and those without.</p