Table1_Transcription dynamics of heat shock proteins in response to thermal acclimation in Ostrinia furnacalis.DOCX

Acclimation to abiotic stress plays a critical role in insect adaption and evolution, particularly during extreme climate events. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones caused by abiotic and biotic stressors. Understanding the relationship between thermal acclimation and the expression of specific HSPs is essential for addressing the functions of HSP families. This study investigated this issue using the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis, one of the most important corn pests in China. The transcription of HSP genes was induced in larvae exposed to 33°C. Thereafter, the larvae were exposed to 43°C, for 2 h, and then allowed to recover at 27 C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. At the recovery times 0.5–4 h, most population tolerates less around 1–3 h than without recovery (at 0 h) suffering continuous heat stress (43 C). There is no difference in the heat tolerance at 6 h recovery, with similar transcriptional levels of HSPs as the control. However, a significant thermal tolerance was observed after 8 h of the recovery time, with a higher level of HSP70. In addition, the transcription of HSP60 and HSC70 (heat shock cognate protein 70) genes did not show a significant effect. HSP70 or HSP90 significantly upregulated within 1–2 h sustained heat stress (43 C) but declined at 6 h. Our findings revealed extreme thermal stress induced quick onset of HSP70 or HSP90 transcription. It could be interpreted as an adaptation to the drastic and rapid temperature variation. The thermal tolerance of larvae is significantly enhanced after 6 h of recovery and possibly regulated by HSP70.</p

Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis Infection among High School and College Student MSM in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>The aim of this study is to systematically review the published studies and summarize the estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalences among high school and college student MSM in China in order to provide information for conducting targeted interventions.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Pubmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Google Scholar databases were searched in January 2013 to identify relevant articles. Data of eligible citations were extracted by two reviewers. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2.0 and SPSS V17.0.</p><p>Results</p><p>Twenty-four eligible studies (6 in English and 18 in Chinese), published between 2006 and 2012, with a total of 3083 student MSM participants, were included. The meta-analyses showed that the prevalences of HIV and syphilis among studied student MSM were 4.4% (95% CI: 3.0%, 6.4%) and 5.7% (95% CI: 4.8%, 6.7%), respectively. HIV prevalence increased over the study period (3.0% in 2003–2006; 4.5% in 2007–2008, and 6.8% in 2009–2010, trend test chi-square = 11.3, p = 0.001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Student MSM have become high-risk populations for HIV infection in China. The high prevalence of syphilis and the increasing HIV prevalence trend indicate the potential for a more severe HIV epidemic. Comprehensive intervention strategies that address condom promotion, syphilis detection and treatment, and health education need to be tailored to this vulnerable population to prevent HIV and syphilis infections.</p></div

Prevalence of HIV infection among student MSM in China.

a<p>4 cities include Harbin, Beijing, Zhengzhou, Chengdu;</p>b<p>This study is different from Zheng JD, 2008;</p>c<p>9 cities include Harbin, Shenyang, Xi’an, Zhengzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, Chengdu.</p

Stratified meta-analyses of HIV prevalence among student MSM of China.

<p>Stratified meta-analyses of HIV prevalence among student MSM of China.</p