Correlations between the relative average developmental ratings (A) and corrected percent survival (B) for <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> lines during the F₁ generation and their offspring during the F₂ generation.

Larvae were reared on corn tissue expressing Cry1F. Pearson correlation results reported as r and P values.</p

Diapause termination rate of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs being watered at different times during the post-diapause stage.

<p>The lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Estimated resistance allele frequency for major non-recessive resistance alleles with Bayesian 95% credibility intervals for field-collected <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> individual female lines (<i>n</i> = 212) to Bt corn hybrids.

<p>Estimated resistance allele frequency for major non-recessive resistance alleles with Bayesian 95% credibility intervals for field-collected <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> individual female lines (<i>n</i> = 212) to Bt corn hybrids.</p

Relationship between pre-hatching period (<i>P</i>) of diapausing eggs and time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>1</i>) under warm long day conditions.

<p>The triangle (Δ), inverted triangle, the cross (×) and bar (┬) indicate the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of the pre-hatching period in each treatment, respectively. The time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>1</i>) was 24, 35, 53, 63, 76, 84, 95 and 109 days, respectively. The exponential curve indicates the relationship (<i>P</i> = 72.53 exp (0.0037 <i>T</i>_<i>1</i>)) between the pre-hatching period and time to watering.</p

Diapause termination rate of diapausing <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs exposed to different water treatments during chilling at 4°C.

<p>The different lowercase letters indicated significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Concentration-mortality response (ng/cm²) of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> neonates of a known susceptible population (SS-TX) and a population selected on Cry1F corn leaf tissue (pooled F₃) to diet overlay assays using Cry1F, Cry2Ab2, Cry1A.105 and Vip3Aa20 proteins.

<p>SE = standard error; CL = confidence limits; LC₅₀ = concentration of protein (ng/cm²) required to kill 50% of larvae in the observation period of seven days; LC₉₀ = concentration of protein (ng/cm²) required to kill 90% of larvae in the observation period of seven days.</p

The post-diapause development duration of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs with different water treatments during chilling at 4°C.

<p>NDE represents the developmental duration of non-diapause eggs. The different lowercase letters above each box indicated significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Concentration-mortality response (ng/cm²) of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> neonates of a known susceptible population (SS-TX) and a population selected on Cry1F corn leaf tissue (pooled F₃) to a diet overlay assay using Cry1F protein.

<p>Concentration-mortality response (ng/cm²) of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> neonates of a known susceptible population (SS-TX) and a population selected on Cry1F corn leaf tissue (pooled F₃) to a diet overlay assay using Cry1F protein.</p

Pearson correlation values of average developmental ratings, relative average developmental ratings, percent survival (corrected using Abbot’s formula [32]), and larval weight (after seven days) of F₁ <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> lines selected on leaves expressing Bt and non-Bt leaves of closely related hybrids.

<p>* = <i>P</i> <0.05, ** = <i>P</i> <0.001.</p

Hybrids used to screen <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> in this experiment and the associated lepidopteran-specific Bt proteins.

<p>Hybrids used to screen <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> in this experiment and the associated lepidopteran-specific Bt proteins.</p