Unique responses of three highly salt-tolerant wild <i>Vigna</i> species against salt stress

The genus Vigna contains important crops such as cowpea and mungbean. Wild Vigna showing higher salt tolerance than Vigna crops were screened and their tolerance mechanisms are discussed. Primary screening using 7 Vigna crops and 23 wild Vigna under 300 mM NaCl selected V. luteola, V. marina and V. vexillata. A study under different salt concentrations revealed the highest survival ability of V. marina. Diversity of salt tolerance in each species was revealed using a total of 230 accessions. Growth and physiological responses under 150 mM NaCl were then compared using two selected accessions from each species. The pattern of Na+ accumulation in roots, stems and leaves suggested that V. vexillata (V1) and V. luteola (L8, L9) are ‘Na+ excluder’ type, while V. marina (M1, M4) is ‘Na+ includer’ type. V. luteola (L8, L9) showed the highest dry matter production under control condition and well-maintained shoot dry weight under salt stress. Interestingly, V. luteola (L9) accumulated the highest Na+ in roots (3000 μM g−1) and increased root dry weight under salt stress, which might work as Na+ reservoir restricting Na+ transition to the leaves, leading to the increased photosynthetic rate. V. luteola has great potential in areas where moderate salt damage occurs. V. marina (M1, M4) accumulated Na+ at high level in roots, stem, and leaves. Under salt stress, they increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate, which suggested the adaptational regulation of aquaporin gene expression. V. marina will be useful as food, pasture and phytoremediation legumes in highly salt-damaged areas.</p

<b>Low Handgrip Strength (Possible Sarcopenia) with Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, </b>Supplementary Tables.

Supplementary Table 1. The number of individuals with lipid-lowering and diabetes drugs in groups.Supplementary Table 2. Associations between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IR-Possible sarcopenia in subjects with IR.Supplementary Table 3. Associations between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IR-Sarcopenia.</p

Table1_Playing basketball and volleyball during adolescence is associated with higher bone mineral density in old age: the Bunkyo Health Study.pdf

Introduction: Exercise is beneficial for increasing areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescence and maintaining it in old age. Moreover, high-impact sports are more effective than low-impact sports in increasing aBMD. This study aimed to determine the types of adolescent sports played in school-based sports clubs associated with aBMD in old age.Methods: In total, 1,596 older adults (681 men and 915 women, age: 65–84 years) living in an urban area of Japan were evaluated for the femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between adolescent sports played in sports clubs and aBMD in old age was analyzed using multiple regression analysis, with femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD as dependent variables, and sports type and participant characteristics such as age, body weight, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, as independent variables.Results: For the femoral neck, basketball was associated with aBMD in older men (β = 0.079, p Conclusion: Both men and women who played basketball in adolescence had higher femoral neck aBMD in old age. Moreover, women who played volleyball in adolescence had higher lumbar spine aBMD in old age.</p