Some Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Qualitative Studies

This paper sets out to address the problem of the imbalance between the number of quantitative and qualitative articles published in highly ranked research journals, by providing guidelines for the design, implementation and reporting of qualitative research. Clarification is provided of key terms (such as quantitative and qualitative) and the interrelationships between them. The relative risks and benefits of using guidelines for qualitative research are considered, and the importance of using any such guidelines flexibly is highlighted. The proposed guidelines are based on a synthesis of existing guidelines and syntheses of guidelines from a range of fields

Making Fiscal Space Happen! Managing Fiscal Policy in a World of Scaled-Up Aid

aid, fiscal policy, low income countries, macroeconomic policy, public financial management

Research on ICT in K-12 schools e A review of experimental and survey-based studies in computers & education 2011 to 2015

International audienceWhat is the role of a journal? Is it to follow the research or lead it? For the former, it is to serve as an archival record of the scholarship in a field. It can serve to permit the research community to engage with each other via the written record. But, for the latter, it can serve the research community by pointing out gaps in the research based on the archival record. This review is intended to do just that

Malnutrition, child morbidity and the family decision process

This paper suggests a microeconomic model of the process by which infants and toddlers are subject to malnourishment, diarrhea and other illnesses in developing countries. It is econometrically estimated on a cross-section, time-series basis for 1200 children from Candelaria, Colombia. The model focuses on four issues: (i) the impact of economic constraints and intra-family resource allocation decisions on a child's nutritional and health status, (ii) the interrelationship between malnutrition, diarrhea and other diseases, (iii) the impact on health and nutritional status of specific policy interventions (maternal-child health education, food supplementation and the encouragement of breast feeding), and (iv) the importance of distinguishing between the effect of different policy variables on a child's height and weight during this period.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23694/1/0000664.pd

Potential Screening at Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces from In Situ X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

A new approach to investigate potential screening at the interface of ionic liquids (ILs) and charged electrodes in a two-electrode electrochemical cell by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been introduced. Using identical electrodes, we deduce the potential screening at the working and the counter electrodes as a function of applied voltage from the potential change of the bulk IL, as derived from corresponding core level binding energy shifts for different IL/electrode combinations. For imidazolium-based ILs and Pt electrodes, we find a significantly larger potential screening at the anode than at the cathode, which we attribute to strong attractive interactions between the imidazolium cation and Pt. In the absence of specific ion/electrode interactions, asymmetric potential screening only occurs for ILs with different cation and anion sizes as demonstrated for an imidazolium chloride IL and Au electrodes, which we assign to the different thicknesses of the electrical double layers. Our results imply that potential screening in ILs is mainly established by a single layer of counterions at the electrode.Fil: Greco, Francesco. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Shin, Sunghwan. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Williams, Federico José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Heller, Bettina S. J.. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Maier, Florian. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; AlemaniaFil: Steinrück, Hans Peter. Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg; Alemani

Financing essential HIV services: a new economic agenda.

Anna Vassall and colleagues discuss the need for, and challenges facing, innovative and sustainable financing of the HIV response. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

Follow-up of blood-pressure lowering and glucose control in type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND In the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) factorial trial, the combination of perindopril and indapamide reduced mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes, but intensive glucose control, targeting a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 6.5%, did not. We now report results of the 6-year post-trial follow-up. METHODS We invited surviving participants, who had previously been assigned to perindopril–indapamide or placebo and to intensive or standard glucose control (with the glucose-control comparison extending for an additional 6 months), to participate in a post-trial follow-up evaluation. The primary end points were death from any cause and major macrovascular events. RESULTS The baseline characteristics were similar among the 11,140 patients who originally underwent randomization and the 8494 patients who participated in the post-trial follow-up for a median of 5.9 years (blood-pressure–lowering comparison) or 5.4 years (glucose-control comparison). Between-group differences in blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin levels during the trial were no longer evident by the first post-trial visit. The reductions in the risk of death from any cause and of death from cardiovascular causes that had been observed in the group receiving active blood-pressure–lowering treatment during the trial were attenuated but significant at the end of the post-trial follow-up; the hazard ratios were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.99; P=0.03) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.99; P=0.04), respectively. No differences were observed during follow-up in the risk of death from any cause or major macrovascular events between the intensive-glucose-control group and the standard-glucose-control group; the hazard ratios were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.08) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.08), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The benefits with respect to mortality that had been observed among patients originally assigned to blood-pressure–lowering therapy were attenuated but still evident at the end of follow-up. There was no evidence that intensive glucose control during the trial led to long-term benefits with respect to mortality or macrovascular events

The Ursinus Weekly, November 2, 1964

Judy Collins to appear in concert at Ursinus: Agency\u27s first offering to be sell-out • Cafe Montmarte promises to be the unusual • Seven students arrested in mass Halloween uprising: Non-participants fined, spend night in jail • Yale professor speaks to pre-med, chem societies • Helfferich stresses liberal arts importance in Founders\u27 convocation: Four alumni awarded doctorates • Dr. John Clawson, Dean emeritus, dies at home • 19 men receive fraternity bids today in library • Wentz announced business manager • Editorial: Thursday night review • Parleying, partying and panicking portrayed in sorority pledging • Dr. Dooley\u27s assistant gives lecture at Forum • What really happened in the girls\u27 day study? • Sons for Moral America expose nation\u27s decay • The Lantern\u27s deadline posted • Letters to the editor • Hobart squeaks by UC 8-7, in tight game • Cross country gets started • Soccer team loses two by same 2-0 score: Swarthmore 2-0 in 1st half; Haverford downs Bears • Hockey remains undefeated, Beaver and Swarthmore fall • Demas champs; Beta Sig second: Volleyball to start • UC volunteers aid community • Women elect WSGA senate officers • Halloween dance termed something new by Y sponsors • Advice column • Greek gleaningshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1232/thumbnail.jp

CT and MRI of Hepatic Abscess in Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease

We describe the spectrum of radiologic appearances of hepatic abscesses in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a hereditary immunodeficiency presenting in childhood that occurs at a rate of 1 in 200,000-250,000 live births and predisposes patients to infection with catalase-positive organisms. CONCLUSION: Hepatic abscesses in patients with CGD show an atypical radiologic appearance compared with sporadic hepatic abscesses, and they are characterized by homogeneous enhancement and multiseptal enhancement. In the appropriate clinical setting, the appearance of an enhancing mass should suggest the possibility of a CGD-related hepatic absces

Cities’ role in mitigating United States food system greenhouse gas emissions

Current trends of urbanization, population growth, and economic development have made cities a focal point for mitigating global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The substantial contribution of food consumption to climate change necessitates urban action to reduce the carbon intensity of the food system. While food system GHG mitigation strategies often focus on production, we argue that urban influence dominates this sector’s emissions and that consumers in cities must be the primary drivers of mitigation. We quantify life cycle GHG emissions of the United States food system through data collected from literature and government sources producing an estimated total of 3800 kg CO2e/capita in 2010, with cities directly influencing approximately two-thirds of food sector GHG emissions. We then assess the potential for cities to reduce emissions through selected measures; examples include up-scaling urban agriculture and home delivery of grocery options, which each may achieve emissions reductions on the order of 0.4 and ∼1% of this total, respectively. Meanwhile, changes in waste management practices and reduction of postdistribution food waste by 50% reduce total food sector emissions by 5 and 11%, respectively. Consideration of the scale of benefits achievable through policy goals can enable cities to formulate strategies that will assist in achieving deep long-term GHG emissions targets