sj-doc-1-chl-10.1177_17475198221091941 – Supplemental material for A new protocol for synthesizing diarylmethanes using a benzyltitanium reagent as a nucleophile

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-chl-10.1177_17475198221091941 for A new protocol for synthesizing diarylmethanes using a benzyltitanium reagent as a nucleophile by He Zhang in Journal of Chemical Research</p

Systematic literature reviews in software engineering: preliminary results from interviews with researchers

Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) have been gaining significant attention from software engineering researchers since 2004. Several researchers have reported their experiences of and lessons learned from applying systematic reviews to different subject matters in software engineering. However, there has been no attempt at independently exploring experiences and perceptions of the practitioners of systematic reviews in order to gain an in-depth understanding of various aspects of systemic reviews as a new research methodology in software engineering. We assert that there is a need of evidence-based body of knowledge about the application of systematic reviews in software engineering. To address this need, we have started an empirical research program that aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge about systematic reviews in software engineering. This paper reports the design, logistics, and results of the first phase empirical study carried out in this program. The results provide interesting insights into different aspects of systematic reviews based on the analysis of the data gathered from 17 interviewees with varying levels of knowledge of and experiences in systematic reviews. The findings from this study are expected to contribute to the existing knowledge about using systematic reviews and help further improve the state-of-the-practice of this research methodology in software engineering

On searching relevant studies in software engineering

BACKGROUND: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has become an important research methodology in software engineering since 2004. One critical step in applying this methodology is to design and execute appropriate and effective search strategy. This is quite time consuming and error-prone step, which needs to be carefully planned and implemented. There is an apparent need of a systematic approach to designing, executing, and evaluating a suitable search strategy for optimally retrieving the target literature from digital libraries. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the research reported in this paper is to improve the search step of doing SLRs in SE by devising and evaluating systematic and practical approaches to identifying relevant studies in SE. OUTCOMES: We have systematically selected and analytically studied a large number of papers to understand the state-of-the-practice of search strategies in EBSE. Having identified the limitations of the current ad-hoc nature of search strategies used by SE researchers for SLR, we have devised a systematic approach to developing and executing optimal search strategies in SLRs. The proposed approach incorporates the concept of ‘quasi-gold standard’, which consists of collection of known studies and corresponding ‘quasi-sensitivity’ into the search process for evaluating search performance. We report the case study and its finding to demonstrate that the approach is able to improve the rigor of search process in an SLR, and can serves as the supplements to the guidelines for SLRs in EBSE. We plan to further evaluate the proposed approach using several case studies with varying topics in software engineering

Borane–Trimethylamine Complex as a Reducing Agent for Selective Methylation and Formylation of Amines with CO₂

We report herein that a borane–trimethylamine complex worked as an efficient reducing agent for the selective methylation and formylation of amines with 1 atm CO2 under metal-free conditions. 6-Amino-2-picoline serves as a highly efficient catalyst for the methylation of various secondary amines, whereas in its absence, the formylation of primary and secondary amines was achieved in high yield with high chemoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the 6-amino-2-picoline–borane catalytic system operates like an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair to activate CO2

Pyridine-Dicarbohydrazone-Based Polyacrylate Hydrogels with Strong Mechanical Property, Tunable/Force-Induced Fluorescence, and Thermal/pH Stimuli Responsiveness

The smart fluorescent hydrogels exhibiting tunable fluorescence have been used as biosensors, probes, light-emitting devices, and information storage and confidentiality. However, they usually show single stimuli responsiveness and possess weak mechanical properties, which limit their applications. Herein, we report a pyridine-dicarbohydrazone-based polyacrylate hydrogel (the As-prepared hydrogel and Eu-hydrogel) showing strong mechanical property, tunable fluorescence ability, and thermal and pH stimuli responsiveness. The As-prepared hydrogel is prepared by light-induced micellar copolymerization, and Eu-hydrogel is obtained after the formation of Eu3+-(pyridine-dicarbohydrazone) coordination. The As-prepared hydrogel could be made in large size (side length of 15 cm), exhibiting a tensile strength of 1.55 MPa and a fracture tensile strain of 800%. The fluorescence intensity of Eu-hydrogel is tunable by [Eu3+] (approaching 655% of the minimum state at [Eu3+] = 0.1 mol). It is demonstrated that Eu-hydrogels display force-induced fluorochromic response during stretching. The transmittance temperature of the As-prepared hydrogel ranges from 36 to 42 °C. Reversible Eu3+-(pyridine-dicarbohydrazone) coordination enables Eu-hydrogels to have excellent fatigue resistance. The pH stimuli responsiveness of the As-prepared hydrogel and Eu-hydrogel is triggered by switchable covalent hydrozone bonds. In terms of the shape-memory ability, the As-prepared hydrogel could be reconstructed by Eu3+ and Eu-hydrogel could be deformed by H+. This mechanically strong (pyridine-dicarbohydrazone)-based polyacrylate hydrogel with multistimuli responsive behaviors is promising to be used in information transmission, smart windows, load-bearing devices, energy-absorbing materials, and soft wearable devices

Crystalline WS₂ via Room Temperature, Solution-Phase Synthesis

Crystalline tungsten disulfide (WS₂) has been prepared from the reaction of bis­(cyclopentadienyl)tungsten dihydride with sulfur at room temperature and ambient pressure in organic solvents. WS₂ was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the resulting WS₂ is highly crystalline by X-ray diffraction. The low-temperature synthesis is hypothesized to be a result of highly mobile surface W–Cp groups that are able to facilitate crystallization

Pyridine-Dicarbohydrazone-Based Polyacrylate Hydrogels with Strong Mechanical Property, Tunable/Force-Induced Fluorescence, and Thermal/pH Stimuli Responsiveness

The smart fluorescent hydrogels exhibiting tunable fluorescence have been used as biosensors, probes, light-emitting devices, and information storage and confidentiality. However, they usually show single stimuli responsiveness and possess weak mechanical properties, which limit their applications. Herein, we report a pyridine-dicarbohydrazone-based polyacrylate hydrogel (the As-prepared hydrogel and Eu-hydrogel) showing strong mechanical property, tunable fluorescence ability, and thermal and pH stimuli responsiveness. The As-prepared hydrogel is prepared by light-induced micellar copolymerization, and Eu-hydrogel is obtained after the formation of Eu3+-(pyridine-dicarbohydrazone) coordination. The As-prepared hydrogel could be made in large size (side length of 15 cm), exhibiting a tensile strength of 1.55 MPa and a fracture tensile strain of 800%. The fluorescence intensity of Eu-hydrogel is tunable by [Eu3+] (approaching 655% of the minimum state at [Eu3+] = 0.1 mol). It is demonstrated that Eu-hydrogels display force-induced fluorochromic response during stretching. The transmittance temperature of the As-prepared hydrogel ranges from 36 to 42 °C. Reversible Eu3+-(pyridine-dicarbohydrazone) coordination enables Eu-hydrogels to have excellent fatigue resistance. The pH stimuli responsiveness of the As-prepared hydrogel and Eu-hydrogel is triggered by switchable covalent hydrozone bonds. In terms of the shape-memory ability, the As-prepared hydrogel could be reconstructed by Eu3+ and Eu-hydrogel could be deformed by H+. This mechanically strong (pyridine-dicarbohydrazone)-based polyacrylate hydrogel with multistimuli responsive behaviors is promising to be used in information transmission, smart windows, load-bearing devices, energy-absorbing materials, and soft wearable devices

Internet philanthropy as China’s ‘Digital Solution’ to the 2030 agenda for sustainable development: policies, practices, politics and critique

Internet philanthropy as China’s ‘Digital Solution’ to the 2030 agenda for sustainable development: policies, practices, politics and critiqu

Raw data chick survival and growth (1992-2015)

Data on common tern chick survival and mass growth between 1992 and 2015 collected in the Bantersee research colony in Wilhelmshaven, Germany

Qualitative vs. quantitative software process simulation modelling: conversion and comparison

Software Process Simulation Modeling (SPSM) research has increased in the past two decades. However, most of these models are quantitative, which require detailed understanding and accurate measurement. As the continuous work to our previous studies in qualitative modeling of software process, this paper aims to investigate the structure equivalence and model conversion between quantitative and qualitative process modeling, and to compare the characteristics and performance of these two approaches by modeling and simulating a software evolution process. Following the model conversion scheme, the reference quantitative (SD) model and the corresponding qualitative model become comparable. The results present their different capabilities and interesting perspectives, and further the potential use of qualitative modeling in software process research