Evidence Of Platelet Activation by Flowcytometry Following Hormone Replacement Therapy In Post Menopausal Women

Platelet activation is one of the underlying mechanisms causing thrombosis. However women are generally protected from thrombotic events before menopause. Previous study showed that there was an evidence of platelet activation in post menopausal women and it was related to the level of serum estradiol yet remain questionable. Many immunoassays by EI.ISA were used to measure platelet activation. Thus out aim was to study the platelet activation by flow cytometry on post menopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Methodology: Total of 48 volunteers postmenopausal women were recruited from gynaecology clinic. All women were later given HRT (Primarine or Progestigen) for 2 weeks. 10 mls of blood pre and post HRT was collected in 3.2% sodium citrate bottle. Platelet activation was measured by flow cytometric analysis using CD62P and PAC 1 FITC as monoclonal markers. Results: CD 62P and PAC1 FITC expression markers in post treatment with HRT show dramatically decreased compare to pre treatment level. CD62P were reduced significantly from 8.51 ± 12.56% to 3.15 ± 6.64% and PAC1 FITC from 41.75 ± 26.85% to 20.86 ± 19.02% after two weeks treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: CD62P and PAC1 by flow cytometry are both useful markers to measure platelet activation. Short term treatment with Primarine or combined HRT reduced the circulating activated platelets as measured by flow cytometry which indicates a reduced risk of thrombotic event. Further study is required on its long term effect

Impact on environmental assets: elucidating the Nutritional and immunological factors as the contributing to health status among flood victim in Kelantan

Three-hundred and nine subjects were analyzed based on the result from materials and methods. The result showed the prevalence of household food insecurity among flood victim (n=71 ). Subject that categorized in food secure compromise of 28.4% while the rest were categorise as the food insecure groups (Household insecure (27.1%). Individual insecure (8.4%) and Child hunger (36.0%). In general. the food insecure household was characterized by household living under poverty line and had larger household size, more children, school going children and non-working. One-hundred fifty blood samples were analyzed with the age mean 47.0±15.62 (age range between 18-77yr) for male and 46.6±13.23 (age range between 19-87yr) for female. I. Based on the laboratory profiles, immunological status of the post flood victim were affected after the flood. Comparing to normal population, there were significant difference tor CD4% (p=0.015), CD8% (0.015) and CD4:CD8 ratio (p=0.012). II. Levels of lmmunoglobulin in female was higher as compared to control lgG (gll). p=0.000 and lgM (g/L). p=0.032. However no significant different shown in male immunoglobulin. Ill. In post flood victim. 1WBC and monocytes were higher among male (p<0.05) whereas only monocytes were higher in female (p<0.05)

Genome-wide analysis for genomic alteration in acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subset of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), and is commonly associated with the presence of chromosomal translocations leading to the expression of the PML-RARA fusion protein. Although chromosomal translocation has been implicated in leukemogenesis, other underlying mechanisms such as copy number variation (CNV), microRNA (miRNA) expression and gene expression may also play important roles in the pathogenesis of APL. In this study, we performed CNV analysis, FL T3 mutation analysis, miRNA expression profiling and gene expression-pathway based analysis to understand the underlying mechanism of genomic alteration involve in contributing to the different survival in subgroups of acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients. In CNV analysis, chromosomal deletion on subband 5q13.2, 8p23.1 and 16p 12.3 were commonly seen in six of eight cases (75%) and gain of 2p 11.2 and 14q32.33 were found in all cases (n=8). Mutational analysis of FLT3 genes did not show any significant finding in all patients samples. Global miRNA profiling was performed on APL samples by using the microarray approach, followed by Nanostring nCounter system to validate the results. MiRNA expression profiles from nCounter platform revealed that miR-1 00 is most significantly upregulated in APL patients as compared to normal controls. We identified most differentially expressed genes in RAS signaling pathway, MAPK, Apoptosis and JAK STAT signaling pathway of APL at diagnosis patients. In conclusion, this study showed that other underlying mechanisms also play important roles In the pathogenesis of APL. These findings provide new insights into the role of miRNAs and mRNA in the genetic origins of APL and highlight their potential as biomarkers for disease stratification and drug-targeted therapy

Detection on common deletional alpha-thallasaemia in pregnant lady by polymerase chain reaction

In order to screen the carrier state of the common deletional types of alpha tha/assaemia, we have evaluated a screening protocol and examined the prevalence and the molecular basis of the alpha thalassemia in pregnant women at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Blood samples from two hundred (200) pregnant women were screened for a-thalassaemia. Of these, 16 were later excluded because they had been diagnosed as having HbE trait or the {3-thalassemia trait. Results were evaluated with the standard haemato/ogical analyses including erythrocyte count, haemoglobin quantitation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of a-globin gene. Altogether 17 of 184 subjects was detected as a-thalassemia (-a3·7faa and __ sEA; aa genotype) carrier. Analysis of hematologic data showed significantly difference in MCVs and MCH (p=O. 000), and the best cut-off point for predicting the presence of the athalassemia carrier in pregnant women was 86.3fL giving 77% sensitivity and 71% of specificity. -a37 kb single gene deletion (8. 1%) was the commonest a-thalassemia found in this study population followed by double gene South East Asia (-sEA) deletion (1.1%). Thus earlier screening is recommended to be performed to pregnant women and followed by paternal testing as those with -sEA deletion; carry higher risk of having hydrop feta/is baby if the father is also -sEA type carrier

Antitumor Effects of Madu Lebah Tualang on Human Leukemia Cell Line (K562)

Tualang Honey possesses as therapeutic potential in wound healing, antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative against several cancer model such as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC), Human Osteosarcoma (HOS), human breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptosis effect of natural local honey “Tualang Honey" on leukemia cell line. In order to evaluate this effect, leukemia cell line (K562) and normal mononuclear cell isolate from peripheral blood were grown in RPMI 1640 culture medium. Both cell lines were incubated with increasing concentrations of Tualang Honey for 24 hours at 37°C. After incubation, they were evaluated for cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity. The IC 50 value against K562 cell line was determined at 0.6% (18ul) after 24 hours. Apoptosis was seen in both K562 and mononuclear cell after incubation with Tualang Honey. However the percentage of apoptosis was much higher with K562 compared to mononuclear cell. At the concentration of IC50 (0.6%>), Tualang Honey gave the 53.9°% apoptosis activity to K562, as opposed to mononuclear cell (37.4°%) (p<0.05). Therefore Tualang Honey is shown to be a potential anti-leukemic substance

Determination of ph of platelet concentrates and its relations with febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions

Platelet transfusion is associated with numerous adverse reactions and the most common one is febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR). Although it is not a life threatening condition, the clinical symptoms could lead to discomfort to the patients as well as utilizing the nursing and laboratory resources. Platelet concentrates are stored at 22•c which can lead to increased lactate production as a result of glycolysis and falling in pH. Moreover the presence of leucocytes and bacterial contamination in the platelets concentrate lead to a competition for the availability of oxygen which too, will result in a rapid fall in the pH. This study was done to determine the relationship between pH of the platelet concentrates and febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction ( FNHTR) and to correlate the pH with the white blood cell & platelet count presence in the platelet concentrates. Hundred and fifty samples of platelet concentrates were included in this study . Only 4 episodes of febrile reactions were detected in I 04 episodes of transfusion. The pH of the platelet concentrates was reduced throughout the day but was still maintained within the guideline recommendations. There was a significant correlation between pH and platelet count but not with the WBC count. There was no bacterial contamination detected in all the units studied. As a conclusion, the incidence of FNHTR is low among patients receiving platelet transfusion in this study and did not appear to be associated with pH. Based on the mean pH value of the platelet concentrates were well maintained within the usual 5 days, thus an extension of platelet storage time is recommended

Classification of Acute Leukemia Based on Multilayer Perceptron

Link to publisher's homepage at https://iopscience.iop.org/In general, various artificial neural network have been applied in many areas such as modelling, pattern recognition, signal processing, diagnostic and prognostic. In this paper, artificial neural network are used to detect and classify the white blood cell (WBC) inside the acute leukemia blood samples. There are 25 features have been extracted from segmented WBC, which consist of shape, color and texture based features. Then, it have been fed up as the neural network inputs for the classification process in order to classify the segmented regions into two classes either B or T. The training algorithm for MLP network is LevenbergMarquardt (LM). The MLP network achieves the highest testing accuracy of 96.99% for 4 hidden nodes at state of 5 by using the overall 25 input features. Thus, MLP network trained by using LM algorithm is suitable for acute leukemia cells detection in blood sample

Clinical and laboratory features of JAK2 v617f, CALR, and MPL mutations in Malaysian patients with classical myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)

Mutations of JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPL genes confirm the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). This study aims to determine the genetic profile of JAK2V617F, CALR exon 9 Type 1 (52 bp deletion) and Type 2 (5 bp insertion), and MPL W515 L/K genes among Malaysian patients and correlate these mutations with clinical and hematologic parameters in MPN. Mutations of JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPL were analyzed in 159 Malaysian patients using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, including 76 polycythemia vera (PV), 41 essential thrombocythemia (ET), and 42 primary myelofibrosis (PMF) mutations, and the demographics of the patients were retrieved. The result showed that 73.6% JAK2V617F, 5.66% CALR, and 27.7% were triple-negative mutations. No MPL W515L/K mutation was detected. In ET and PMF, the predominance type was the CALR Type 1 mutation. In JAK2V617F mutant patients, serum LDH was significantly higher in PMF compared to PV and ET. PV has a higher risk of evolving to post PV myelofibrosis compared to ET. A thrombotic event at initial diagnosis of 40.9% was high compared to global incidence. Only one PMF patient had a CALR mutation that transformed to acute myeloid leukemia. JAK2V617F and CALR mutations play an important role in diagnostics. Hence, every patient suspected of having a myeloproliferative neoplasm should be screened for these mutations

Prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19):a systematic review and meta-analysis of 17515 patients

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 started to spread globally since December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Fever has been observed as one of the most common clinical manifestations, although the prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients is inconclusive. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of fever and chills in addition to fever characteristics (low, medium, and high temperature) in both adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients.MethodsThe protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020176327). PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched between 1st December 2019 and 3rd April 2020 without language restrictions. Both adult (≥18 years) and paediatric (ResultsWe identified 2055 studies, of which 197 studies (n = 24266) were included in the systematic review and 167 studies with 17142 adults and 373 paediatrics were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of fever in adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients were 79.43% [95% CI: 77.05-81.80, I2 = 95%] and 45.86% [95% CI: 35.24-56.48, I2 = 78%], respectively. Besides, 14.45% [95% CI: 10.59-18.32, I2 = 88%] of the adult COVID-19 patients were accompanied with chills. In adult COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of medium-grade fever (44.33%) was higher compared to low- (38.16%) and high-grade fever (14.71%). In addition, the risk of both low (RR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.69-3.22, pConclusionsThe prevalence of fever in adult COVID-19 patients was high, however, 54.14% of paediatric COVID-19 patients did not exhibit fever as an initial clinical feature. Prevalence and risk of low and medium-grade fevers were higher compared to high-grade fever