Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas Rendah Berorientasi Model Pembelajaran Diskusi

This development was aimed at creating learning device for low level mathematics to increase the students\u27 participation and achievement through discussion learning model in Class A of the second semester of the Elementary School Teacher Education Department of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto of the academic year 2008/2009. The 49 subject takers was divided into 15 groups of 3 to 4 people. The procedure of developing the device used classroom action research. The action consisted of two cycles and took three months. Each cycle was done depending on the obtained improvement, design and the factor to be developed. The instrument which was used to get the data of participation and students\u27 response towards the lecture and the learning device was questioner, while he instrument to get data on students learning achievement were essay quiz, mid term test, and the end term test. The result was the device for learning low level mathematics, early-class learning material, students work, and increased learning participation. The learning achievement was still low which was due to their low ability in solving mathematical problem. Key words: Discussion learning model, participation, and mathematics learning achievement

Deconstruction of Obscure Features in SVD-Decomposed Raman Images from P. chrysogenum Reveals Complex Mixing of Spectra from Five Cellular Constituents

Raman imaging has transcended in recent times from being an analytical tool to a molecular profiling technique. Biomedical applications of this technique often rely on singular-value decomposition (SVD), principal component analysis (PCA), etc. for data analysis. These methods, however, obliterate the molecular information contained in the original Raman data leading to speculative interpretations based on relative intensities. In the present study, SVD analysis of the Raman images from Penicillium chrysogenum resulted in 11 spectral components and corresponding images with highly distorted spectral features and complex image contrast, respectively. To interpret the SVD results in molecular terms, we have developed a combined multivariate approach. By applying this methodology, we have successfully extracted the contribution of five biomolecular constituents of the P. chrysogenum filamentous cell to the SVD vectors. Molecular interpretability will help SVD/PCA surpass the realm of variance-based classification to a more meaningful molecular domain

Additional file 1: Table S1. of SAG-QC: quality control of single amplified genome information by subtracting non-target sequences based on sequence compositions

Sensitivity and specificity of our approach to discriminate non-target sequences. (XLSX 34 kb)ďť

High-Density Microcavity Array for Cell Detection: Single-Cell Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Detection and isolation of specific cell types from limited biological samples have become a major challenge in clinical diagnosis and cell biology research. Here, we report a high-density microcavity array for target cell detection in which thousands of single cells were neatly arrayed onto 10 000 microcavities with high efficiency at approximately 90% of the loaded cells. Cell-specific immunophenotypes were exclusively identified at the single-cell level by measuring fluorescence intensities of cells labeled with antibodies targeting cell surface markers, and the purity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within human peripheral blood analyzed by this system was correlated with those obtained by conventional flow cytometry. Furthermore, gene expression of the stem cell marker, CD34, was determined from HSCs by isolating single cells using a micromanipulator. This technology has proven to be an effective tool for target cell detection and subsequent cellular analytical research at the single-cell level

Droplet MDA of low-input lambda DNA.

<p>(a) Sequential fluorescent images of droplets encapsulating lambda DNA at a concentration of 265 ag/droplet (5 copies lambda DNA per droplet) with Evagreen dye. (b) Time-dependent appearance of the fluorescence signal during compartmentalized amplification of the denatured lambda DNA (input concentration 54 ag/droplet (1 copy lamda DNA per droplet) and 265 ag/droplet). All data are presented as averaged intensities of fluorescent positive droplets measured with SEM, and 100 droplets were analyzed at each time point.</p

Evaluation of amplification bias of droplet MDA.

<p>Distributions of sequencing coverage of MDA products from single <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells (n = 3) were compared between in-tube MDA (left column) and droplet MDA (right column). Each graph shows the results of independent reactions. The averaged sequencing coverages were calculated from raw sequencing reads that mapped to with <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> reference genome within 1-kb windows. Sequencing reads were normalized to 60× sequencing effort in each experiment.</p

Monodisperse Picoliter Droplets for Low-Bias and Contamination-Free Reactions in Single-Cell Whole Genome Amplification

<div><p>Whole genome amplification (WGA) is essential for obtaining genome sequences from single bacterial cells because the quantity of template DNA contained in a single cell is very low. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA), using Phi29 DNA polymerase and random primers, is the most widely used method for single-cell WGA. However, single-cell MDA usually results in uneven genome coverage because of amplification bias, background amplification of contaminating DNA, and formation of chimeras by linking of non-contiguous chromosomal regions. Here, we present a novel MDA method, termed droplet MDA, that minimizes amplification bias and amplification of contaminants by using picoliter-sized droplets for compartmentalized WGA reactions. Extracted DNA fragments from a lysed cell in MDA mixture are divided into 10⁵ droplets (67 pL) within minutes via flow through simple microfluidic channels. Compartmentalized genome fragments can be individually amplified in these droplets without the risk of encounter with reagent-borne or environmental contaminants. Following quality assessment of WGA products from single <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells, we showed that droplet MDA minimized unexpected amplification and improved the percentage of genome recovery from 59% to 89%. Our results demonstrate that microfluidic-generated droplets show potential as an efficient tool for effective amplification of low-input DNA for single-cell genomics and greatly reduce the cost and labor investment required for determination of nearly complete genome sequences of uncultured bacteria from environmental samples.</p></div

Assembly statistics of MDA products obtained from single <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells.

<p>A total of 10 μL of MDA product was evaluated for both droplet MDA and in-tube MDA. Sequencing reads were normalized to 0.8 M reads (60× sequencing effort) in each experiment.</p><p>Assembly statistics of MDA products obtained from single <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells.</p

Genome recovery from row sequence reads and <i>de novo</i> assembled contigs obtained from droplet MDA products of single and 10 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> cells.

<p>(a) Comparison of genome recovery from raw sequence reads as a function of sequencing effort. Each plot shows the averaged percentage of genome recovery with SD from raw sequence reads for single (n = 3) and 10 (n = 3) <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells at >1× or >10× sequencing coverage. (b) Comparison of genome recovery from <i>de novo</i> assembled contigs as a function of sequencing effort. Each plot shows <i>de novo</i> assembly result in in-tube MDA and the droplet MDA.</p

High-Density Microcavity Array for Cell Detection: Single-Cell Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Detection and isolation of specific cell types from limited biological samples have become a major challenge in clinical diagnosis and cell biology research. Here, we report a high-density microcavity array for target cell detection in which thousands of single cells were neatly arrayed onto 10 000 microcavities with high efficiency at approximately 90% of the loaded cells. Cell-specific immunophenotypes were exclusively identified at the single-cell level by measuring fluorescence intensities of cells labeled with antibodies targeting cell surface markers, and the purity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within human peripheral blood analyzed by this system was correlated with those obtained by conventional flow cytometry. Furthermore, gene expression of the stem cell marker, CD34, was determined from HSCs by isolating single cells using a micromanipulator. This technology has proven to be an effective tool for target cell detection and subsequent cellular analytical research at the single-cell level