Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund aus muslimisch geprägten Ländern: Analysen auf Basis des Mikrozensus 2018

Working Paper 87 liefert grundlegende Informationen zu Personen mit Migrationshintergrund aus verschiedenen muslimisch geprägten Ländern in Deutschland. Berücksichtigt werden Menschen, die aus der Türkei und zwölf weiteren Staaten im Mittleren und Nahen Osten, aus Nordafrika sowie aus Südosteuropa zugewandert sind, sowie deren in Deutschland geborene Angehörige. Die Auswertung des Mikrozensus 2018 (MZ 2018) zeigt, dass in Deutschland rund 5,8 Millionen Personen mit Migrationshintergrund aus den berücksichtigten muslimisch geprägten Ländern leben. Dies entspricht einem Anteil von 7 Prozent an der Gesamtbevölkerung. Die Anzahl und der Anteil der muslimischen Religionsangehörigen können aus diesem Ergebnis nicht abgeleitet werden. Die Religion wird im MZ - wie auch in anderen amtlichen Statistiken - nicht systematisch erfasst.Working Paper 87 provides basic information on persons with a migration background from various predominantly Muslim countries. We consider persons who immigrated from Turkey and twelve other countries from the Middle and Near East, North Africa and South Eastern Europe, as well as their relatives who were born in Germany. Using the Microcensus 2018 (MC 2018) the results show that roughly 5.8 million persons with a migration background from the predominantly Muslim countries included live in Germany. This equates to seven percent of the total population. We are not able to derive the number and proportion of Muslim believers from this result. Like other official statistics, the MC does not systematically record religion

Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund aus muslimisch geprägten Ländern in Deutschland

MENSCHEN MIT MIGRATIONSHINTERGRUND AUS MUSLIMISCH GEPRÄGTEN LÄNDERN IN DEUTSCHLAND Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund aus muslimisch geprägten Ländern in Deutschland / Pfündel, Katrin (Rights reserved) ( -

Inflammatory profile of vertically HIV-1 infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon: a contribution toward optimal pediatric HIV control strategies

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the lifespan of people living with HIV. However, their immune system remains in a state of sustained activation/inflammation, which favors viral replication and depletion of helper T-cells with varying profiles according to ART-response. We herein sought to ascertain the inflammatory profile of adolescents living with perinatal HIV-1 infection (ALPHI) receiving ART in an African context. In this cross-sectional and comparative study among ART-experienced ALPHI in Yaoundé-Cameroon, HIV-1 RNA was measured by Abbott Real-time PCR; CD4 cells were enumerated using flow cytometry; serum cytokines were measured by ELISA; HIV-1 proviral DNA was genotyped by Sanger-sequencing; and archived drug resistance mutations (ADRMs) were interpreted using Stanford HIVdb.v9.0.1. Overall, 73 adolescents were enrolled (60 ALPHI and 13 HIV-1 negative peers) aged 15 (13-18) years; 60.00% were female. ART median duration was 92 (46-123) months; median viral load was 3.99 (3.17-4.66) RNA Log10 (copies)/mL and median CD4 count was 326 (201-654) cells/mm3. As compared to HIV-negative adolescents, TNFα was highly expressed among ALPHI (p<0.01). Following a virological response, inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and IL-12), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and inflammation-related cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) were highly expressed with viral suppression (VS) vs. virological failure (VF), while the chemokine CCL3 was highly expressed with VF (p<0.01). Regarding the immune response, the inflammatory cytokine TNFα was highly expressed in those that are immunocompetent (CD4≥500 cell/mm3) vs. immunocompromised (CD4<500 cell/mm3), p ≤ 0.01; while chemokine CCL2 was highly expressed in the immunocompromised (p<0.05). In the presence of ADRMs, IL-4 and CCL3 were highly expressed (p=0.027 and p=0.043 respectively). Among ART-experienced ALPHI in Cameroon, the TNFα cytokine was found to be an inflammatory marker of HIV infection; IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 are potential immunological markers of VS and targeting these cytokines in addition to antiretroviral drugs may improve management. Moreover, CCL3 and CCL2 are possible predictors of VF and/or being immunocompromised and could serve as surrogates of poor ART response

Inflammatory profile of vertically HIV-1 infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon: a contribution toward optimal pediatric HIV control strategies

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the lifespan of people living with HIV. However, their immune system remains in a state of sustained activation/inflammation, which favors viral replication and depletion of helper T-cells with varying profiles according to ART-response. We herein sought to ascertain the inflammatory profile of adolescents living with perinatal HIV-1 infection (ALPHI) receiving ART in an African context. In this cross-sectional and comparative study among ART-experienced ALPHI in Yaoundé-Cameroon, HIV-1 RNA was measured by Abbott Real-time PCR; CD4 cells were enumerated using flow cytometry; serum cytokines were measured by ELISA; HIV-1 proviral DNA was genotyped by Sanger-sequencing; and archived drug resistance mutations (ADRMs) were interpreted using Stanford HIVdb.v9.0.1. Overall, 73 adolescents were enrolled (60 ALPHI and 13 HIV-1 negative peers) aged 15 (13-18) years; 60.00% were female. ART median duration was 92 (46-123) months; median viral load was 3.99 (3.17-4.66) RNA Log10 (copies)/mL and median CD4 count was 326 (201-654) cells/mm3. As compared to HIV-negative adolescents, TNFα was highly expressed among ALPHI (p<0.01). Following a virological response, inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and IL-12), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and inflammation-related cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) were highly expressed with viral suppression (VS) vs. virological failure (VF), while the chemokine CCL3 was highly expressed with VF (p<0.01). Regarding the immune response, the inflammatory cytokine TNFα was highly expressed in those that are immunocompetent (CD4≥500 cell/mm3) vs. immunocompromised (CD4<500 cell/mm3), p ≤ 0.01; while chemokine CCL2 was highly expressed in the immunocompromised (p<0.05). In the presence of ADRMs, IL-4 and CCL3 were highly expressed (p=0.027 and p=0.043 respectively). Among ART-experienced ALPHI in Cameroon, the TNFα cytokine was found to be an inflammatory marker of HIV infection; IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 are potential immunological markers of VS and targeting these cytokines in addition to antiretroviral drugs may improve management. Moreover, CCL3 and CCL2 are possible predictors of VF and/or being immunocompromised and could serve as surrogates of poor ART response

Inklusionssensible Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrer:innen im Projekt BiProfessional an der Universität Bielefeld

Faix A-C, Lütje-Klose B, Wilde M, Schuldt A, Großmann N. Inklusionssensible Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrer:innen im Projekt BiProfessional an der Universität Bielefeld. In: Betz T, Meyer-Hamme A, Halle A-C, Bertelsmann Stiftung, eds. Soziale Ungleichheit und die Rolle sozialer Beziehungen in der (Ganztags-)Schule. Kein Thema für die Fortbildung?. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung; 2022: 53-57

Determinants of Immunovirological Response among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV-1 in the Central Region of Cameroon

About 90% of new HIV-1 infections in children occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where treatment monitoring remains suboptimal. We sought to ascertain factors associated with immunovirological responses among an ART-experienced paediatric population in Cameroon. A laboratory-based and analytical study was conducted from January 2017 throughout December 2020 wherein plasma viral load (PVL) analyses and CD4 cell counts were performed. Viral suppression (VS) was defined as PVL 5 years; p p = 0.04). IF was 22.43%, with 15.79% among participants ≤5 years and 22.92% among those >5 years (p = 0.66). IF was 20.43% in urban versus 33.33% in rural areas (p = 0.10). Following ART, IF was 25.82% on first-line (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI-based) versus 10.17% on second-line (protease inhibitor-based) regimens (p = 0.01). Interestingly, IF was 7.43% among virally suppressed versus 40.32% among virally unsuppressed participants (p < 0.0001). A low VS indicates major challenges in achieving AIDS’ elimination in this paediatric population, especially in rural settings and poor immune statuses. Scaling up NNRTI-sparing regimens alongside close monitoring would ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes